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neuro > pediatric neurology > Flashcards

pediatric neurology Flashcards

1
Q

definition of epilepsy

A

occurrence of >2 unprovoked seizures

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2
Q

abnormal hyper synchroncous discharge of cortical neurons

A

epilepsy

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3
Q

name that seizure: staring episodes with cessation of activity

A

absence

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4
Q

name that seizure: : brief jerking muscle movements

A

myoclonic

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5
Q

name that seizure: loss of tone

A

atonic

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6
Q

name that seizure: regularly repeated msucles jerking

A

clonic

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7
Q

simple partial is _____alteration in consciousness vs complex partial is ____alteration in consciousness

A

NO alteration; any alteration

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8
Q

staring off for less than 20 seconds withOUT loss of tone, or confusion post starting episode

A

childhood absence epilepsy

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9
Q

what can absence epilepsy be provoked by?

A

hyperventilation

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10
Q

EEG with generalized 3 Hz spike and slow wave discharge

A

absence seizure

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11
Q

tx of choice for absence seizure

A

ethusoximide

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12
Q

peak onset seizures 5-10 yrs, infrequent partial seizures, tingling in mouth, on face, drooling, dysphasia, speech arrest, unilateral UE movement

A

benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

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13
Q

EEG: centrotemporal spikes

A

rolandic epilepsy

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14
Q

usually have seizures that occur during sleep

A

rolandic epilepsy

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15
Q

drug of choice for rolandic epilepsy

A

carbamazepine or oxcarbazapine

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16
Q

EEG: 3-6 Hz polyspikes and wave

A

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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17
Q

myoclonic jerks, age of onset 12-18, provoked by photic stimulation, AM wakening, lack of sleep

A

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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18
Q

does juvenile myoclonic epilepsy resolve by end of adolescence years or persist?

A

persists, requires life long tx

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19
Q

tx of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

men: valproic acid
women: levetiracetam, lamotrigine

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20
Q

fever + seizure w/o CNS infxn

A

febrile seizure

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21
Q

febrile seizures occur in what ages

A

3 months–>6 yrs

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22
Q

what is the most common seizure in children

A

febrile seizure

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23
Q

simple febrile seizure is defined as generalized, less than ____min long, occurs___in a 24 hr period

A

15 min long; occurs 1x in 24 hrs

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24
Q

tx to stop febrile seizure

A

benzo

25
Q

Small brief spasm, but one of the most severe epilepsy patterns

A

infantile spasm

26
Q

EEG: hypsarrhythmia

A

infantile spasm

27
Q

drug of choice for infantile spasm

A

ACTH

28
Q

drug of choice for infantile spasm secondary to tuberous sclerosis

A

vigabatrin

29
Q

cahracterized by different types of seizures, mental retardation

A

lennox gastaut syndrome

30
Q

EEG: less than 2.5 spike and slow wave discharges

A

lennox gastaut syndrome

31
Q

neonatal seizures are typically what type of seizure

A

focal tonic, focal clonic or myoclonic

32
Q

most common etiologies of neonatal seizures (4)

A
  1. hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
  2. CNS infxn
  3. intracranial bleeding
  4. brain malformation
33
Q

best imaging for neonatal seizre

A

MRI

34
Q

preferred tx for neonatal seizure

A

phenobarbital

35
Q

immune mediated acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

A

guillain barre syndrome

36
Q

the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children

A

guillain barre syndrome

37
Q

campylobacter jejuni infxn, symmetri ascending paralysis

A

guillain barre syndrome

38
Q

symmetric legs weakness with diminished or absent DTR

A

guillain barre syndrome

39
Q

incr CSF protein, normal WBC with normal mental exam

A

guillain barre syndrome

40
Q

what is the most sensitive and specific test for demyelination

A

nerve conduction study

41
Q

tx of guillain barre syndrome

A

IVIG 2 g/kg or plasmapharesis

42
Q

calf hypertrophy, gower’s sign, x linked recessive, slowly progressive

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

43
Q

msot common causes of acute ataxia in children (3)

A
  1. post infectious cerebellar ataxia
  2. intoxication
  3. guillain barre syndrome
44
Q

most common cause of acute ataxia in children

A

post infectious cerebellar ataxia

45
Q

rapid onset ataxia that is worst at presentation followed by gradual improvement

A

post infectious cerebellar ataxia

46
Q

work up of post infectious cerebellar ataxia

A

brain MRI

47
Q

static motor encephalopathy due to insult to developing brain in first 3 yrs of life

A

cerebral palsy

48
Q

what is peripheral hypertonia

A

spasticity and clonus

49
Q

what is axial hypotonia

A

head lag, truncal hypotonia

50
Q

classic cause of spastic hemiplegia in CP

A

unilateral perinatal stroke

51
Q

cause of spastic diplegia

A

premature infants with perventricular leukomalacia

52
Q

recurrent HA with N/V, photophobia

A

migraine

53
Q

most common type of migraine

A

migraine w/o aura

54
Q

main med for prevention of migraines in kids

A

cyproheptadine

55
Q

topiramate is good for tx of mirgrains in what sort of kids

A

obese, kids with epilepsy

56
Q

what is the main concern associated with tuberous sclerosis

A

incr risk of epilepsy

57
Q

cardiac rhabdomyoma

A

tuberous sclerosis

58
Q

non inherited disorder, port wine stain, leptomeningeal angiomas, seizures, cognitive delay, unilateral glaucoma

A

sturge weber syndrome

neuro (16 decks)

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