Systemic Diseases and their oral manifestations

Question 1

What oral manifestation is caused by enlarged maxilla and mandible in gigantism and acromegaly?

Answer 1

Spacing of teeth and malocclusion

Question 2

What type of bite is commonly seen in patients with excessive jaw growth due to gigantism or acromegaly?

Answer 2

Anterior open bite

Question 3

What facial changes may result from frontal bossing and nasal enlargement in gigantism and acromegaly?

Answer 3

Changes in oral-facial appearance

Question 4

What oral feature may be enlarged and affect speech and occlusion in gigantism and acromegaly?

Answer 4

Macroglossia (enlarged tongue)

Question 5

How do thickened lips affect oral health in patients with gigantism or acromegaly?

Answer 5

They alter the facial profile and may complicate oral hygiene

Question 6

What is macrodontia and how is it related to gigantism and acromegaly?

Answer 6

Teeth appear larger than normal due to skeletal growth

Question 7

What oral motor sign may be observed during a clinical exam in hyperthyroidism?

Answer 7

Tongue tremors

Question 8

What dental development issue is common in children with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 8

Premature loss of deciduous teeth

Question 9

How does hyperthyroidism affect the eruption of permanent teeth?

Answer 9

Causes premature eruption, complicating space maintenance

Question 10

What bone condition in the mouth is associated with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 10

Osteoporosis of alveolar bone

Question 11

What dental development issue is common in children with cretinism (hypothyroidism)?

Answer 11

Delayed tooth eruption

Question 11

What sensory oral symptom is frequently reported in hyperthyroidism?

Answer 11

Burning mouth or tongue syndrome

Question 12

How does hyperthyroidism affect caries and periodontal disease risk?

Answer 12

Increases risk due to metabolic effects on bone and immune response

Question 13

What are brown tumors and where are they commonly found in hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 13

Intraosseous radiolucent lesions, often in the anterior mandible

Question 13

What oral manifestation is common in both children and adults with hypothyroidism?

Answer 13

Macroglossia

Question 14

What facial/oral features may complicate intraoral exams in hypothyroidism?

Answer 14

Thickened lips and periorbital edema

Question 15

What radiographic sign of bone loss is associated with hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 15

Generalized loss of lamina dura

Question 16

What radiographic appearance is seen in osteitis fibrosa cystica from hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 16

Granular appearance of jawbones

Question 17

What dental issue results from weakened bone support in hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 17

Increased tooth mobility

Question 18

What oral pigmentation is commonly seen in Addison’s disease?

Answer 18

Black-bluish pigmentation, especially on buccal mucosa

Question 19

Where else can oral pigmentation appear in Addison’s disease besides the buccal mucosa?

Answer 19

Gingiva, palate, tongue, and lips

Question 20

What often precedes skin pigmentation in Addison’s disease?

Answer 20

Early pigment changes in the oral cavity

Question 21

How does Cushing’s syndrome affect the oral mucosa?

Answer 21

Causes thinning, making it appear fragile and translucent

Question 22

What complication is common after oral surgery or trauma in patients with Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 22

Poor healing

Question 23

What bleeding-related issue may occur in Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 23

Increased bruising, especially post-procedural or spontaneous

Question 24

What oral condition in diabetes contributes to caries, candidiasis, and halitosis?

Answer 24

Xerostomia

Question 25

What fungal infection causes white patches or erythematous lesions in diabetic patients?

Answer 25

Candidiasis (Candida albicans)

Question 26

What rare but severe fungal infection can occur in diabetic patients?

Answer 26

Mucormycosis

Question 27

What gingival change in diabetes mimics gingivitis?

Answer 27

Erythematous, hyperplastic gingiva

Question 28

What periodontal condition may appear disproportionately severe in diabetes?

Answer 28

Advanced periodontitis with rapid bone loss

Question 29

How does diabetes affect healing after extractions or periodontal therapy?

Answer 29

Causes delayed healing

Question 30

What leads to tooth mobility and early tooth loss in diabetic patients?

Answer 30

Bone loss and inflammation

Question 31

What color change in the mouth is seen in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 31

Pallor of oral mucosa, especially on the tongue and gingiva

Question 32

What condition affects the corners of the mouth and may be worsened by candidiasis in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 32

Angular cheilitis

Question 33

What is glossitis and how does it appear in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 33

A smooth, red, painful tongue with papillary atrophy

Question 34

What oral sensation is commonly reported in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 34

Burning sensation, especially on the tongue

Question 35

What syndrome is associated with glossitis, dysphagia, and mucosal atrophy in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 35

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Question 36

How does the oral mucosa appear in pernicious anemia?

Answer 36

Painful, erythematous, and atrophic

Question 37

What condition affecting the corners of the mouth is seen in pernicious anemia?

Answer 37

Angular cheilitis

Question 38

Describe the glossitis seen in pernicious anemia.

Answer 38

Burning, red tongue with papillary atrophy

Question 39

What type of mucosal lesions are common in pernicious anemia?

Answer 39

Spontaneous and recurrent mucosal ulceration

Question 40

What facial feature results from a prominent maxilla in thalassemia?

Answer 40

Facial protrusion and anterior flaring

Question 41

What dental spacing issue is commonly seen in the maxilla with thalassemia?

Answer 41

Spaced maxillary anterior teeth

Question 42

What distinct radiographic pattern is seen in the jaw bones of thalassemia patients?

Answer 42

“Salt-and-pepper” appearance

Question 43

How is the lamina dura affected in thalassemia?

Answer 43

Thinning of lamina dura

Question 44

What dental development issue is common in sickle cell anemia?

Answer 44

Delayed tooth eruption

Question 45

What color change is seen in the oral mucosa of sickle cell patients?

Answer 45

Pale oral mucosa

Question 46

What painful lesions may be present in the mouth with sickle cell anemia?

Answer 46

Oral ulcers

Question 47

What radiographic bone change is seen in sickle cell anemia?

Answer 47

Trabecular bone loss with large irregular marrow spaces

Question 47

What skull radiographic pattern is characteristic of sickle cell anemia?

Answer 47

“Hair-on-end” appearance

Question 48

What are petechiae and how do they appear in aplastic anemia?

Answer 48

Small pinpoint hemorrhages in the oral mucosa

Question 49

What are purpura in the context of aplastic anemia?

Answer 49

Purple blotches from bleeding under the skin

Question 50

What type of bleeding may occur spontaneously in aplastic anemia?

Answer 50

Spontaneous oral bleeding

Question 51

What periodontal issue is commonly seen in aplastic anemia?

Answer 51

Gingival infections

Question 52

What type of lesions are seen in the oral cavity of patients with aplastic anemia?

Answer 52

Ulcerations

Question 53

What periodontal symptom is common in polycythemia vera?

Answer 53

Bleeding gums

Question 54

What type of bleeding may occur spontaneously in polycythemia vera?

Answer 54

Spontaneous gingival hemorrhage

Question 55

How does the oral mucosa appear in polycythemia vera?

Answer 55

Ruddy (reddish)

Question 56

What type of periodontal damage occurs rapidly in agranulocytosis?

Answer 56

Rapid periodontal destruction

Question 56

What bleeding symptom is associated with agranulocytosis?

Answer 56

Severe gingival bleeding

Question 56

What sensory symptom may affect oral tissues in polycythemia vera?

Answer 56

Erythromelalgia—warmth or burning sensation

Question 57

What severe type of lesion is seen in agranulocytosis?

Answer 57

Necrotizing oral ulcers

Question 58

What are common gingival changes in agranulocytosis?

Answer 58

Gingival swelling with ulcerations

Question 59

Where do ulcers commonly appear in cyclic neutropenia?

Answer 59

Tongue and buccal mucosa

Question 59

What periodontal conditions are severe in cyclic neutropenia?

Answer 59

Severe gingivitis and periodontitis

Question 60

What type of oral lesions are common and painful in cyclic neutropenia?

Answer 60

Painful oral ulcerations

Question 61

What type of bleeding may occur in the gingiva with acute leukemia?

Answer 61

Spontaneous gingival bleeding

Question 61

How often do oral lesions recur in cyclic neutropenia?

Answer 61

In a cyclic pattern every ~21–27 days

Question 62

What causes gingival enlargement in acute leukemia?

Answer 62

Leukemic cell infiltration

Question 63

What small and large hemorrhagic lesions may be seen in acute leukemia?

Answer 63

Petechiae and ecchymoses

Question 64

What acute periodontal condition is common in acute leukemia?

Answer 64

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

Question 65

What dental symptom may occur due to pulp involvement in acute leukemia?

Answer 65

Toothache

Question 66

What color change may be seen in the lips and gingiva in chronic leukemia?

Answer 66

Pallor

Question 67

What gingival change is shared between acute and chronic leukemia?

Answer 67

Gingival enlargement

Question 68

What bleeding symptom is common in chronic leukemia?

Answer 68

Gingival bleeding

Question 69

What hemorrhagic signs are found in chronic leukemia similar to acute leukemia?

Answer 69

Petechiae and ecchymosis

Question 70

What lymphatic sign may be present in chronic leukemia?

Answer 70

Cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 71

What complication may occur after tooth extraction in Hemophilia A?

Answer 71

Prolonged post-extraction hemorrhage

Question 71

What type of gingival bleeding is common in Hemophilia A?

Answer 71

Spontaneous gingival bleeding

Question 71

How often do oral bleeding episodes occur in individuals with Hemophilia A?

Answer 71

Frequently throughout life

Question 72

What is a key visible sign of MRONJ in the mouth?

Answer 72

Exposed bone, often yellow-white with rough or ragged borders

Question 73

Where does lingual mandibular sequestration commonly occur in MRONJ?

Answer 73

Near the mylohyoid ridge

Question 74

What type of sinus tracts may develop in MRONJ?

Answer 74

Extraoral or intraoral sinus tracts

Question 75

What symptoms are associated with advanced MRONJ lesions?

Answer 75

Pain, swelling, or fistulas

Question 76

What radiographic features are seen in MRONJ?

Answer 76

Widened periodontal ligament space and moth-eaten radiolucency with sequestrae