Introduction and Diagnosis- ash Flashcards
What is leukoplakia?
A white lesion in the mouth that cannot be rubbed off and requires a biopsy for diagnosis.
Can leukoplakia be diagnosed clinically?
No, clinical characteristics alone cannot diagnose leukoplakia; a biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis.
What causes leukoplakia?
Leukoplakia can be caused by several different disorders, and its exact cause may vary.
What causes erythroplakia?
Erythroplakia can be caused by several different disorders, and its exact cause needs to be determined through a biopsy.
What is erythroplakia?
A red lesion in the mouth that cannot be diagnosed clinically and requires a biopsy for diagnosis.
What is Pathology?
Pathology is the study of disease
What is desquamative gingivitis?
is an erythematous (red), shedding (desquamation), and ulcerated appearance of the gingiva.
How is a diagnosis made?
Clinical
Radiographic
Historical
Laboratory
Microscopic
Surgical
Therapeutic
this is an example of?
cotton roll burns
this an example of?
Angular Cheilitis
this is an example of?
oral cancer
What is the differential diagnosis?
The differential diagnosis is when the practitioner determines which test or procedure is needed to rule out other suspected conditions and reach a final diagnosis
What are Fordyce granules?
are ectopic sebaceous glands that appear as yellow-white papules.
How common are Fordyce granules?
in about 80% of the population.
Where are Fordyce granules most commonly found?
Common on the lips and buccal mucosa
What is Torus Palatinus?
outgrowth of normal compact bone that occurs on the midline of the hard palate.
How does Torus Palatinus develop?
It develops gradually and can vary in shape and size. It is covered by normal mucosa.
Is Torus Palatinus more common in males or females?
females.
What does Torus Palatinus look like on radiographs?
Radiopaque on radiographs
What happens if a Torus Palatinus is traumatized?
It can be traumatized, causing discomfort, but it does not usually require treatment unless it interferes with denture fabrication.
What are Mandibular Tori?
Mandibular Tori are outgrowths of normal compact bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible
Are Mandibular Tori unilateral or bilateral?
Mandibular Tori are 90% bilateral.
Are Mandibular Tori more common in males or females?
slightly more common in males.
How does Mandibular Tori develop?
It develops gradually and is covered by normal mucosa.
What is Buccal Exostosis?
localized bony protuberances that arise from the cortical plate.
Does Buccal Exostosis grow over time?
Yes, Buccal Exostosis may show gradual, continued enlargement.
Can Buccal Exostosis cause any problems?
Yes, Buccal Exostosis may ulcerate in areas that are prone to trauma.
What are Lingual Varicosities?
prominent lingual veins found on the lateral surface of the tongue.
What color are Lingual Varicosities?
red, blue, or purple.
At what age are Lingual Varicosities commonly seen?
commonly seen in patients older than 60, suggesting they are related to age.
What is Linea Alba?
white line on the buccal mucosa, typically along the occlusal plane.
What can cause Linea Alba to become more prominent?
Linea Alba can become more prominent in patients who clench or grind their teeth.
What is Leukoedema?
Leukoedema is a generalized opalescence on the bilateral buccal mucosa.
Which population is most commonly affected by Leukoedema?
most commonly seen in black patients, with up to 90% of affected individuals.
Can the gray-white hue of Leukoedema be altered?
Yes, the gray-white hue of Leukoedema can momentarily disappear when the mucosa is stretched.
leukoedema before and after it’s stretched
what is Lingual Thyroid?
Remnants of the thyroid gland become entrapped in the tongue tissue during development.
Which gender is more commonly affected by Lingual Thyroid?
females
Where is the mass found in Lingual Thyroid?
in the midline posterior dorsal tongue
How is Lingual Thyroid diagnosed?
with a Thyroid scan
What is the cause of Median Rhomboid Glossitis?
The cause is not clear but may be associated with Candida albicans.
( it is a fungal infection)
Where is the lesion found in Median Rhomboid Glossitis?
It is found in an oval or rectangular red area in the midline dorsal tongue.
What is the appearance of the filiform papillae in Median Rhomboid Glossitis?
The area is devoid of filiform papillae.
What is another name for Median Rhomboid Glossitis?
Central Papillary Atrophy.
what is fissured tongue?
dorsal surface of the tongue has fissures or groves 2-6mm deep. the cause is unknown
What are the characteristics of Erythema Migrans (Geographic Tongue)?
- Cause is not clear
- Erythematous areas devoid of filiform papillae with serpentine yellow-white slightly raised border
- Histopathology similar to psoriasis
What causes the areas in Erythema Migrans (Geographic Tongue) to change location?
The areas migrate over time, which is a defining feature of the condition.
What is “Ectopic Geographic Tongue”?
Ectopic geographic tongue refers to lesions found on mucosal surfaces other than the tongue.
What triggers Erythema Migrans (Geographic Tongue) to worsen?
Stress is a common trigger that exacerbates the condition.
Geographic Tongue and Fissured Tongue
Ectopic Geographic Tongue
What color can Hairy Tongue be?
Usually white, but may be pigmented brown-black due to bacteria, tobacco, or certain foods.
What are some common causes of Hairy Tongue?
Associated with tobacco use and poor oral hygiene.
What causes Hairy Tongue?
Increased accumulation of keratin on the filiform papillae of the tongue.
How is Hairy Tongue different from Oral Hairy Leukoplakia?
Hairy Tongue is related to the accumulation of keratin, while Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and is not caused by keratin buildup.
