Developmental Disorders Flashcards
What is Ankyloglossia?
A developmental anomaly where the tongue is adhered to the floor of the mouth, also known as being “tongue-tied.”
How is Ankyloglossia treated?
Treatment involves a frenectomy, a surgical procedure to release the tongue.
What are Commissural Lip Pits?
Blind tracts at the corners of the mouth, a common developmental abnormality.
What are Palatal Cysts of the Newborn?
Small developmental cysts on the palate of newborns, also called Epstein’s Pearls or Bohn’s Nodules.
What is an Epidermoid Cyst?
A developmental cyst that appears as a raised nodule on the skin of the face or neck, with a lumen filled with keratin scales.
Treatment involves surgical excision.
What is a Dentigerous Cyst?
The most common developmental odontogenic cyst, located around the crown of an impacted tooth, radiolucent on radiographs.
What is an Eruption Cyst?
Similar to a dentigerous cyst but found on soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth. It is extraosseous.
What is an Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)?
An odontogenic developmental cyst with a unique microscopic appearance, frequent recurrence, and potential to move teeth and resorb roots. It is radiolucent and may be unilocular or multilocular.
NEED A BIOPSY TO DIAGNOSE
What syndrome is associated with multiple OKCs?
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome.
What is an Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst (OOC)?
A cyst lined by orthokeratin, most commonly in the posterior mandible, with a lower recurrence rate than OKC, and not associated with Gorlin syndrome.
What is a Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC)?
A cyst containing ghost cells, with radiolucency and possible radiopaque calcifications.
Where does a Lateral Periodontal Cyst occur?
On the lateral root surface of mandibular canine and premolar teeth. Adjacent teeth are vital, and biopsy is needed to rule out OKC.
What is a Gingival Cyst?
A cyst similar to a lateral periodontal cyst but located on the gingiva (extraosseous).
What is a Nasopalatine Duct Cyst?
A nonodontogenic cyst within the nasopalatine canal or incisive papilla, typically found in adults (40-60 years), more common in males, with a heart-shaped radiolucency in the anterior maxilla.
What is a Stafne Defect?
A depression in the posterior lingual area of the mandible filled with salivary gland tissue, not a true cyst, more common in men, located below the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN).
What is an Idiopathic Bone Cavity?
Also known as a traumatic bone cyst or simple bone cyst, it is not a true cyst (not lined by epithelium), commonly found in young patients with a radiolucent lesion showing scalloping between teeth, and an empty cavity on surgical exploration.
What is Anodontia?
A congenital lack of teeth, which is rare.
What is Hypodontia?
The lack of one or more teeth. Commonly missing teeth include maxillary and mandibular third molars, maxillary lateral incisors, and mandibular second premolars.
What is Oligodontia?
The lack of six or more teeth, often with a familial tendency and may be part of a syndrome.
What is Hyperdontia?
An increased number of teeth, with extra teeth referred to as supernumerary.
What is the most common supernumerary tooth?
Mesiodens, located between the maxillary central incisors.
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Distomolar or distodens, often seen as a maxillary fourth molar.
What is Microdontia?
Smaller than normal teeth, often seen as a peg lateral.
What is Macrodontia?
Larger than normal teeth, though this is rare.
What is Gemination?
A single tooth germ attempts to divide, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth.
What is Fusion?
The union of two crowns, joined by a notched incisal edge.
What is Dilaceration?
An abnormal root curve or angle.
What is Hypercementosis?
Excessive cementum on the roots, often associated with Paget’s disease.
What is Concrescence?
The union of two adjacent teeth by cementum only.
What is a Talon Cusp?
An accessory cusp on the cingulum of a permanent incisor.
What is Taurodontism?
Large pulp chambers with short roots.
What is Dens Invaginatus?
A condition where the enamel organ invaginates before mineralization, also known as dens in dente.
What is Dens Evaginatus?
A condition where an extra enamel cusp forms on the occlusal surface.
What is Turner Tooth?
A tooth affected by local infection or trauma during development.
What is Enamel Hypoplasia?
Defective enamel formation caused by factors such as amelogenesis imperfecta, febrile illness, vitamin deficiency, fluoride ingestion, congenital syphilis, and birth injury.
What effect does a febrile illness have on teeth?
It can affect the central incisors, laterals, cuspids, and first molars.
What is Dental Fluorosis?
A condition caused by high fluoride intake during tooth development, leading to mottled enamel.
What is Endogenous Staining?
A type of staining caused by systemic deposition, such as from tetracycline use.
What is Congenital Syphilis’ effect on teeth?
It causes Hutchinson incisors (notched, peg-shaped) and mulberry molars.
What is Regional Odontodysplasia?
A condition characterized by “ghost teeth,” with thin enamel and dentin.
What is an Ankylosed Tooth?
A tooth where the bone fuses to the cementum and dentin, preventing exfoliation.
