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Year 2 Ophthalmology > Systemic Disease in the eye > Flashcards

Systemic Disease in the eye Flashcards

1
Q

In a fundoscopy what would someone with poorly controlled diabetes have?

A 
Microaneurysms
Hard Exudate
Haemorrhage
Cotton wool Patches
Swollen optic disc
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2
Q

What is the driving force behind an increased production of VEGF?

A

Ischaemia

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3
Q

New vessel growth occuring here has the worst prognosis for vision loss.

A

Optic disc

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4
Q

What is Rubeosis Iridis?

A

New vessel growth over the iris.

Endstage disease involving VEGF

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5
Q

What is seen in the eye of someone with uncontrolled hypertension?

A

Cotton wool exudates
Disk Swelling - loss of the margin
Thining of blood vessel
Haemorrhage

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6
Q

What does the cornea of someone with Sarcoidosis look like?

A

Granulomatous Uveitis

Patchy white spots on the underside of the cornea

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7
Q

How does Giant Cell Arteritis present?

A

Headache
Jaw Claudification
Malaise
Visual Distrubances

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8
Q

What disease is GCA associated with?

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

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9
Q

How does thyroid eye disease present extraocularly?

A

Proptosis
Lids -Retraction Oedema Lag
Restrictive Myopathy - eye moves slower

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10
Q

How does thyroid eye disease present in the eye?

A 
Chemosis 
Glaucoma
Exposure abrasions
Choroidal folds
Optic nerve swelling
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11
Q

What is the treatment for thyroid eye disease?

A

Control thyroid dysfunction
Surgical decompression
Lubricants

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12
Q

What antibody is related to SLE ?

A

Anti DNA Ab

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13
Q

How does SLE present in the eye?

A

Scleritis

Painful to move

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14
Q

How does rheumatoid arthritis present in the eye?

A

Dry eyes
Scleritis
Corneal melting

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15
Q

What is the classic triad of Sjogrens?

A

Dry eye
Dry mouth
Rheumatoid Arthitis

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16
Q

Why does someone with Sjogrens present with a dry eye?

A

The lacrimal gland is affected

17
Q

How do people with Marfans present?

A

Superiorly dislocated Lens
High Arched Palate
Tall

18
Q

How does erythema multiform present?

A 
Maculopapular Rash
Stomatitis
Conjunctivitis
Scarring of the conjunctiva
Occlusion of the lacrimal duct.
19
Q

How is erythema multiform triggered?

A

Food Drug or post infection hypersensitivity reaction.

20
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

A

Cranial Nerve 6

Abducens

21
Q

If someone has a CN VI palsy how do they present?

A

Eye sits more medially

Horizontal diplopia

22
Q

List some causes of a CN VI palsy.

A 
Microvascular 
Raised ICP
Tumour
Congenital
Demyelination- MS
23
Q

If this presents alongside a CN VI palsy what happens?

A

Papilloedema

If present its a medical emergency.

24
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the Superior Oblique?

A

CN IV

Trochlear

25
Q

Why is the trochlear nerve particularly susceptible to closed ear trauma?

A

As it originates from the back of the brain and has to work its way around to the front this long route is particularly susceptible to compression damage.

26
Q

How does someone with a CN IV nerve palsy present?

A

Vertical diplopia
Depression in adduction
Look for classic head tilt

27
Q

List some common causes of a CN IV nerve palsy.

A

Congenital weak SO
Microvascular
Tumour
Closed head trauma

28
Q

What does CN III supply?

A 
Levator Palpebrae Superiosis
Sphincter Pupilla
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior Rectus
Inferior oblique
29
Q

How does someone with a CN III palsy present?

A

Only get Adduction and depression from SO and LR

30
Q

What is general rule with a suspected CN III palsy?

A

Suspect aneurysm till proven otherwise

31
Q

If someone with a CN III palsy presents with a dilated pupil what does this mean?

A

Compression pathology e.g. aneurysm

32
Q

If the CN III palsy is due to microvascular pathology what is likely to be seen?

A

No pupil involvement

33
Q

What is involved in inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

A coordination issue, communication between each eye is faulty.
Eyes don’t work in symmetry

34
Q

What is involved in supra nuclear ophthalmoplegia ?

A

A coordination issue, this time between the eyes and the rest of the brain.
Balance issues etc

Year 2 Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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