Defects - Visual and Pupillary

Question 1

What does a Relevant Afferent Pupillary Defect indicate?

Answer 1

Optic nerve defect

Question 2

What test is used for detecting a relevant afferent pupillary defect?

Answer 2

Swinging light test

Question 3

What is done in the swinging light test?

Answer 3

Move from one eye to the other rapidly whilst maintaining light exposure in order forI both to maintain constriction.

Question 4

If there was an optic nerve defect in the left eye what would be seen in a swinging light test?

Answer 4

Reduced direct reflex in the left - though hard to tell as consensual reflex will be the same.
When moved the light in to the right eye you might see further constriction - though unlikely.
Finally when moved back to the left eye you will see a pathological dilation of the pupil despite light being shined .

Question 5

If in the swinging light test an eye dilates what does this indicate?

Answer 5

That the optic nerve defect is on the same side.

Question 6

In regards to vision what does the optic chiasm do?

Answer 6

Splits left and right

Question 7

In regards to vision what is undergone at the optic radiations?

Answer 7

Vision divided into upper and lower.

Question 8

Light from the left visual field is picked up on the left side of the retina? T/F

Answer 8

F

Light from the left visual field is picked up by the right side of the retina.

Question 9

Describe the pathway the Action Potential takes from the optic nerve.

Answer 9

Optic nerve
Optic Chiasma
Optic Tract
Lateral Geniculate Body
Optic Radiation
Visual Cortex
       -Pre Tectal Nucleus  
       -Edinger Westphal Nucleus

Question 10

If someone presents with a quadrantanopia where on the optic pathway will it have to occur?

Answer 10

Occuring after the geniculate body within the optic radiations.

Question 11

What is quadrantanopia?

Answer 11

Loss of vision within one quadrant of your visual field.

Question 12

If someone presents with hemianopia where on the optic pathway will it have to occurred?

Answer 12

Either within the optic chiasm or after but before the geniculate body.

Question 13

Someone presents hemianopia on their left side where is the lesion?

Answer 13

Occurring within the right hemisphere after the optic chiasm but before the geniculate body.

Question 14

Someone presents with hemianopia on there right side where is the lesion?

Answer 14

Occurring within the left hemisphere after the optic chiasm but before the geniculate body.

Question 15

If someone presents with bitemporal hemianopia where is the lesion located?

Answer 15

Within the optic chiasm.

Question 16

What is bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 16

Loss of their temporal vision on both sides.

Question 17

The upper visual field is registered by what part of the retina?

Answer 17

Lower retina

Question 18

The lower visual field is registered by what part of the retina?

Answer 18

Upper retina

Question 19

The upper optic radiations pass through which lobe?

Answer 19

Parietal lobe

Question 20

The lower optic radiations pass through which lobe?

Answer 20

Temporal

Question 21

If someone presents with a lower left quadrantanopia where is the lesion located?

Answer 21

Upper right

Right Parietal Lobe lesion, affecting the upper optic radiations.

Question 22

If someone presents with an upper left Quadrantanopia where is the lesion located?

Answer 22

Lower Right

Right Temporal lobe lesion, affecting the lower optic radiations.

Question 23

If someone presents with an upper right Quadrantanopia where is the lesion located?

Answer 23

Lower left

Left Temporal lobe lesion, affecting the lower optic radiations.

Question 24

If someone presents with a lower right Quadrantanopia where is the lesion located?

Answer 24

Upper Right

Left Parietal lobe lesion, affecting the upper optic radiations.