Systemic disease and the Eye Flashcards
How are microanuerysms formed in diabetes
Chronic hyperglycaemia
Glycolisation of basement membrane
Breakage (microaneurysm)
Leakage/ischaemia
What are the signs of diabetic retinopathy?
Dot and blot haemorrhages Hard exudates Cotton wool spots Vascular abnormalities New vessels
Where do new vessels grow in diabetic retinopathy?
Disc
Periphery
Iris (if severe) =rubeosis iridis
Why do new vessels grow?
Ischaemia
VEGF release
What is the management of diabetic retinopathy?
Laser
Vitrectomy
Rehab for blind
Optimise medical treatment
What signs may you see in diabetic retinopathy?
oedema at fovea
vitreal haemorrhage
scarring
retinal detachment
What are the signs of hypertension?
Attenuated blood vessels Cotton wool spots hard exudates retinal haemorrhage optic disc oedema
What are the ocular features of thyroid eye disease?
Chemosis
Injection
exposure
glaucoma
choroidal folds
optic nerve swelling
What are the extra ocular features of thyroid eye disease?
proptosis lid retraction lid lag lid pigmentation restrictive myopathy
How can you manage thyroid eye disease?
Lubricants
surgical decompression
control hormones
How can the eyes be affected in rheumatoid arthritis?
Dry eye syndrome (KC sicca)
corneal melt
scleritis
How can the eyes be affected in SLE?
ocular inflammation
What is the autoantibody for SLE?
Anti-dsDNA
How does Sjogren’s affect the eyes?
Infiltrates lacrimal glands
What is the Sjogren’s triad?
KC sicca (dry eyes)
xerostomia
rheumatoid arthritis
