Red Eye Flashcards
<p>What protection do the lids provide?</p>
<p>Blinking
| Secrete meibum </p>
<p>What protection do the tears provide?</p>
<p>IgA
Drainage
Complement
Lyzozyme</p>
<p>What different types of pain may a patient complain of in the eye?</p>
<p>Foreign body
Grittines
Dry
Ache</p>
<p>What types of discharge might a patient have? </p>
<p>Watery
| Purulent</p>
<p>What are the symptoms of blephritis?</p>
<p>Gritty sensation
| Mild discharge</p>
<p>What can blephritis be associated with?</p>
<p>Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Episcleritis </p>
<p>What cells are affected in a seborrhoeic blephritis?</p>
<p>Squamous cells</p>
<p>What are the signs of a seborrhoeic blephritis?</p>
<p>Red margin
Scales
Dandruff
</p>
<p>Is the any lash involvement in seborrhoeic blephritis?</p>
<p>No</p>
<p>What tissue is affected in staphylococcal blephritis?</p>
<p>Lash follicle </p>
<p>What are the signs of staphylococcal blephritis?</p>
<p>Red margin</p>
Lash loss
Trichiasis (ingrowing)
Corneal staining
Why do you get corneal staining in staphylococcal blephritis?
Staph. exotoxin production
What are the causes of anterior blephritis?
Seborrhoeic
Staphyococcal
What causes posterior blephritis?
Meibomian gland disease
What are the signs in Meibomian gland disease?
Meibomian cysts
Lid margins unaffected
Meibomian glands swollen
Dry eyes (inspissated)
Why do the eyes feel dry with meibomian cysts?
Meibomian glands produce meibum
Meibum moisturises eye
Blocked gland causes dry eyes
How can belphritis be treated?
Lid hygeine
Tear drops
Oral doxycycline 2-3 months if severe
What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?
Red eye Foreign body sensation Gritty eye Sticky discharge Itch (if allergic)
Is vision affected in conjunctivitis?
No
What are the signs of conjunctivitis?
Diffuse injected vessels
Discharge
Sub conjunctival haemorrhage
Chemosis (oedema)
What types of organisms can cause conjunctivitis?
Bacteria
Viruses
Drugs
Allergens
What organisms can cause bacterial conjunctivitis?
Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
What are the signs of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Pink papillae
How long does bacterial conjunctivitis last?
self limiting
14 days
How can bacterial conjunctivitis be treated?
Topical antibiotics
What viruses can cause conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
What are the signs of viral conjunctivitis?
White follicular involvement
What else can cause white follicular conjunctivitis?
Chlamydia
What are causes of chronic conjunctivitis?
Glaucoma medication Chlamydia Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Sub tarsal foreign body Lacrimal disease
What are the signs of drug induced conjunctivitis?
White follicluar
What part of the eye does keratitis affect?
Cornea
What are the symptoms of keratitis?
Needle like pain
Photophobia
Profuse lacrimation (tears)
Reduced vision
Why is pain so severe in keratitis?
Cornea has many nerve fibres
Very sensitive to pain
What are the signs of keratitis?
Corneal opacity
May have hypopyon
May see staining from flouriscene
What is hypopyon?
Pus in anterior chamber
What would be a sign of bacterial keratitis?
Purulent pus
What can be a viral cause of keratitis and what sign would you see?
Herpes simplex
Dendritic ulcer
How does Herpes simplex affect the eye?
Reduces sensation to the cornea
Dendritic ulcer
How would you see a dendritic ulcer?
Using flouriscene
How does eposure cause keratitis?
Eye dries out
Epithelium breaks down
What can be and underlying reason for exposure?
Thyroid eye disease (exophthalmus)
CN VII nerve palsy (no blinking)
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca? What can cause this?
Dry eye syndrome
Sjogren’s
What is a neurotrophic cause of keratitis?
Herpes zoster
Why does herpes zoster affect the cornea?
CN V1 involvement
What vitamin deficiency can cause keratitis?
Vitamin A deficiency
What investigations can be done for keratitis?
Corneal scrape
Gram stain
Culture
What treatment for autoimmune keratitis?
Steroids (oral/topical)
How can you treat bacterial keratitis?
Ofloxacin
How are contact lens wearers treated with keratitis?
Need different antibiotics
How can you treat herpectic viral keratitis?
Antiviral
Aciclovir ointment
(5 times daily)
What do you look for on examination of keratitis?
Corneal light reflex
vascularisation
opacity
oedema
How do you examine the cornea?
Anaesthetic if photophobia
Use flouriscene for corneal abrasion
What are the symptoms of anterior uveitis?
Pain
Reduced vision
Photophobia
Circumcorneal injected vessels
What are the signs of anterior uveitis?
Cilliary injection White cells in anterior chamber Keratic precipitate Hypopyon Synechiae
What is synechiae?
Small/irregular pupil
What autoimmune conditions cause anterior uveitis?
Ulcerative collitis (HLA B27) Ankylosing spondylitis (HLA B27) Sarcoidosis Reiter's
What infections may cause anterior uveitis?
TB
Syphilis (prostitute’s eye)
Herpes simplex
Herpes Zoster
How do you treat anterior uveitis?
Topical steroids
1% prednisolone 4-8 weeks
Mydriatics
cycopentolate 1% BD
What are the signs of episceritis?
Partial inflammation of sclera
Nodules
What condition is episcleritis associated with?
Gout
What is the treatment for episcleritis?
Lubricants
Topical NSAIDS
Mild steroids
Why should you be cautious with contact lens wearers?
More risk of infection
What are the symptoms of scleritis?
Boring pain
Red thick injected vessels
What are the signs of scleritis?
Deep vascular injection
Associated uveitis
What conditions are associated with scleritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Wegner’s
How is scleritis treated?
Oral NSAIDs
Oral steroids
Steroid sparing agents
What is the aetiology of acute closed and glaucoma?
Drainage from trabecular meshwork closed
Aqueous can’t drain
Raised IOP
Optic nerve compression
What are the symptoms of acute closed angle glaucoma?
Severe pain
Nausea and Vomiting
What are the signs of acute closed angle glaucoma?
Circumcorneal injection
Corneal opacity
Mid dilated pupil (before event)
Stony hard eye
Why is there corneal opacification?
Aqueous build up cause oedema
Who get AACG?
Elderly
Hypermetropic
Why is hypermetropia a risk factor for AACG?
Shorter eye
Smaller iridocorneal angle
Easier to close
