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Ophthamology > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What protection do the lids provide?</p>

A

<p>Blinking

| Secrete meibum </p>

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2
Q

<p>What protection do the tears provide?</p>

A

<p>IgA
Drainage
Complement
Lyzozyme</p>

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3
Q

<p>What different types of pain may a patient complain of in the eye?</p>

A

<p>Foreign body
Grittines
Dry
Ache</p>

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4
Q

<p>What types of discharge might a patient have? </p>

A

<p>Watery

| Purulent</p>

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5
Q

<p>What are the symptoms of blephritis?</p>

A

<p>Gritty sensation

| Mild discharge</p>

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6
Q

<p>What can blephritis be associated with?</p>

A

<p>Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Episcleritis </p>

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7
Q

<p>What cells are affected in a seborrhoeic blephritis?</p>

A

<p>Squamous cells</p>

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8
Q

<p>What are the signs of a seborrhoeic blephritis?</p>

A

<p>Red margin
Scales
Dandruff
</p>

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9
Q

<p>Is the any lash involvement in seborrhoeic blephritis?</p>

A

<p>No</p>

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10
Q

<p>What tissue is affected in staphylococcal blephritis?</p>

A

<p>Lash follicle </p>

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11
Q

<p>What are the signs of staphylococcal blephritis?</p>

A

<p>Red margin</p>

Lash loss
Trichiasis (ingrowing)
Corneal staining

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12
Q

Why do you get corneal staining in staphylococcal blephritis?

A

Staph. exotoxin production

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13
Q

What are the causes of anterior blephritis?

A

Seborrhoeic

Staphyococcal

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14
Q

What causes posterior blephritis?

A

Meibomian gland disease

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15
Q

What are the signs in Meibomian gland disease?

A

Meibomian cysts
Lid margins unaffected
Meibomian glands swollen
Dry eyes (inspissated)

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16
Q

Why do the eyes feel dry with meibomian cysts?

A

Meibomian glands produce meibum
Meibum moisturises eye
Blocked gland causes dry eyes

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17
Q

How can belphritis be treated?

A

Lid hygeine
Tear drops
Oral doxycycline 2-3 months if severe

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?

A 
Red eye
Foreign body sensation
Gritty eye
Sticky discharge
Itch (if allergic)
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19
Q

Is vision affected in conjunctivitis?

A

No

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20
Q

What are the signs of conjunctivitis?

A

Diffuse injected vessels
Discharge
Sub conjunctival haemorrhage
Chemosis (oedema)

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21
Q

What types of organisms can cause conjunctivitis?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Drugs
Allergens

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22
Q

What organisms can cause bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. Influenzae

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23
Q

What are the signs of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Pink papillae

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24
Q

How long does bacterial conjunctivitis last?

A

self limiting

14 days

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25
Q

How can bacterial conjunctivitis be treated?

A

Topical antibiotics

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26
Q

What viruses can cause conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

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27
Q

What are the signs of viral conjunctivitis?

A

White follicular involvement

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28
Q

What else can cause white follicular conjunctivitis?

A

Chlamydia

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29
Q

What are causes of chronic conjunctivitis?

A 
Glaucoma medication
Chlamydia
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Sub tarsal foreign body
Lacrimal disease
30
Q

What are the signs of drug induced conjunctivitis?

A

White follicluar

31
Q

What part of the eye does keratitis affect?

A

Cornea

32
Q

What are the symptoms of keratitis?

A

Needle like pain
Photophobia
Profuse lacrimation (tears)
Reduced vision

33
Q

Why is pain so severe in keratitis?

A

Cornea has many nerve fibres

Very sensitive to pain

34
Q

What are the signs of keratitis?

A

Corneal opacity
May have hypopyon
May see staining from flouriscene

35
Q

What is hypopyon?

A

Pus in anterior chamber

36
Q

What would be a sign of bacterial keratitis?

A

Purulent pus

37
Q

What can be a viral cause of keratitis and what sign would you see?

A

Herpes simplex

Dendritic ulcer

38
Q

How does Herpes simplex affect the eye?

A

Reduces sensation to the cornea

Dendritic ulcer

39
Q

How would you see a dendritic ulcer?

A

Using flouriscene

40
Q

How does eposure cause keratitis?

A

Eye dries out

Epithelium breaks down

41
Q

What can be and underlying reason for exposure?

A

Thyroid eye disease (exophthalmus)

CN VII nerve palsy (no blinking)

42
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca? What can cause this?

A

Dry eye syndrome

Sjogren’s

43
Q

What is a neurotrophic cause of keratitis?

A

Herpes zoster

44
Q

Why does herpes zoster affect the cornea?

A

CN V1 involvement

45
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause keratitis?

A

Vitamin A deficiency

46
Q

What investigations can be done for keratitis?

A

Corneal scrape
Gram stain
Culture

47
Q

What treatment for autoimmune keratitis?

A

Steroids (oral/topical)

48
Q

How can you treat bacterial keratitis?

A

Ofloxacin

49
Q

How are contact lens wearers treated with keratitis?

A

Need different antibiotics

50
Q

How can you treat herpectic viral keratitis?

A

Antiviral
Aciclovir ointment
(5 times daily)

51
Q

What do you look for on examination of keratitis?

A

Corneal light reflex
vascularisation
opacity
oedema

52
Q

How do you examine the cornea?

A

Anaesthetic if photophobia

Use flouriscene for corneal abrasion

53
Q

What are the symptoms of anterior uveitis?

A

Pain
Reduced vision
Photophobia
Circumcorneal injected vessels

54
Q

What are the signs of anterior uveitis?

A 
Cilliary injection
White cells in anterior chamber
Keratic precipitate
Hypopyon
Synechiae
55
Q

What is synechiae?

A

Small/irregular pupil

56
Q

What autoimmune conditions cause anterior uveitis?

A 
Ulcerative collitis (HLA B27)
Ankylosing spondylitis (HLA B27)
Sarcoidosis
Reiter's
57
Q

What infections may cause anterior uveitis?

A

TB
Syphilis (prostitute’s eye)
Herpes simplex
Herpes Zoster

58
Q

How do you treat anterior uveitis?

A

Topical steroids
1% prednisolone 4-8 weeks

Mydriatics
cycopentolate 1% BD

59
Q

What are the signs of episceritis?

A

Partial inflammation of sclera

Nodules

60
Q

What condition is episcleritis associated with?

A

Gout

61
Q

What is the treatment for episcleritis?

A

Lubricants
Topical NSAIDS
Mild steroids

62
Q

Why should you be cautious with contact lens wearers?

A

More risk of infection

63
Q

What are the symptoms of scleritis?

A

Boring pain

Red thick injected vessels

64
Q

What are the signs of scleritis?

A

Deep vascular injection

Associated uveitis

65
Q

What conditions are associated with scleritis?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Wegner’s

66
Q

How is scleritis treated?

A

Oral NSAIDs
Oral steroids
Steroid sparing agents

67
Q

What is the aetiology of acute closed and glaucoma?

A

Drainage from trabecular meshwork closed
Aqueous can’t drain
Raised IOP
Optic nerve compression

68
Q

What are the symptoms of acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

Severe pain

Nausea and Vomiting

69
Q

What are the signs of acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

Circumcorneal injection
Corneal opacity
Mid dilated pupil (before event)
Stony hard eye

70
Q

Why is there corneal opacification?

A

Aqueous build up cause oedema

71
Q

Who get AACG?

A

Elderly

Hypermetropic

72
Q

Why is hypermetropia a risk factor for AACG?

A

Shorter eye
Smaller iridocorneal angle
Easier to close

Ophthamology (9 decks)

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