System(s) Review Flashcards
What is the purpose of systems review?
identify suspicious non-msk or RED FLAG S&S that require referral to another healthcare professional
Few RED FLAG S&S in isolation are informative; look for __________
combinations
_________ are best tools to raise suspicion of pathology
RED FLAGS
The patient has symptoms with aerobic exertion indicates __________ system(s)
cardiovascular and respiratory
Fever, ______and _____ are most often associated with systemic illness.
-Duration:
-Temp:
chills and sweats
-Prolonged ≥ 2 wks.
-102° may require hospitalization
What are some factors of constitutional symptoms or general health components requiring system(s) review?
weight changes (≥5% or unexplained)
nausea and vomiting (N&V)
Dizziness and lt. headedness
Fatigues and ≥2wks. limiting
Weakness
Paresthesias/Numbness
Malaise or ill
Mentation or cognitive changes
What is one of the most common early symptoms of an infection?
Malaise
Infections are usually local and less symtomatic? True or False?
True; more concerned about systemic and greater S&S, affecting multiple systems
In older adults may infections may be more ______ and ______ making it more difficult.
subtle and atypical
What are abnormal signs of palpation of lymph nodes?
> 2cm diameter
Firm
Immobile
TENDER due to rapid onset of inflammation w/infection
What vital signs should be assessed during Hx and Observation of S&S
Temp.
HR.
BP.
RR.
What is the function of the immune system:
defends the body against harmful substances, pathogens, and cells or non-selves from internal and external threats
Is an autoimmune deasise more local or systemic?
systemic, typically persistent and ongoing
What are common signs of autoimmune conditions?
GI P!/dysfunction
Inflammation
Lymph nodes are swollen, but NOT tender (chronic)
Typically affected >1 part of the body
_____ mostly asymptomatic in early stages
Cancer
Due to cancer lymph nodes will gain fibrotic tissues? True or False
True
Cancer can produce P! that can seem like MSK P!? True or False
True
What are the functions of the Integumentary system?
Protects underlying structures (skin)
Insulator
Regulations temp.
Assist fluid balance
Synthesis Vitamin D
Sensory detection of stimuli
What are some common S&S of the integumentary system?
itchy/dry/rough texture which indicates impaired circulation/oxygenation
Diabetes is commonly associated with the _________ system
Integumentary
A change in nail appearance is an S&S of ________ system?
Integumentary
What is swelling is caused by fluid trapped in your body’s tissues called? What system is this usually associated with?
Edema and Integumentary
Cafe au Lait aka coffee stain is commonly associated with ________ system
Integumentary
What is the ABCDE of melanoma skin cancer?
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
In the integumentary review, you asses what with your palpation.
-SKIN MOBILITY
-Swelling
-Heat
What is the function of the Endocrine system:
glands sends messages through the body by hormones
The endocrine system meets the nervous system at the ________
hypothalamus-pituitary interface
The main integrative center of the endocrine and autonomic nervous system functions by hormonal and neural pathways
Hypothalamus
A patient may initially present this system S&S with an MSK problem that regresses in response to hormonal changes or is not progressing.
What system may be associated with this?
Endocrine
Depends on affected gland and wether it is hyper or hypoactive, creating hormonal changes is associated with ________ system
endocrine
What are some common endocrine S&S that are present in some MSK conditions?
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Osteoarthritis (OA) (hands and feet)
Osteoporosis
These following S&S is associated to which system:
Growth alterations
Polydipsia- excessive thirst
Polyuria- excessive urination
Changes
-Mentation
-Hair
-Skin pigmentation
-Body fat distribution
-Ele. Vitals
endocrine system
Hx and Observation S&S
-Selective Tension Testing and/or MMT
-Standard Vitals
Endocrine System
Heart and Blood vessels are associated primarily with what system?
Cardiovascular system
-in coordination with the respiratory and nervous systems; circulate oxygenated blood through the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs for reoxygenation
Cardiovascular System Function:
Which of the following systems S&S is associated:
**Primarily due to insufficiency of heart and vessels
-P! in the chest (angina) without/w upper thorax, neck, UE, and or face due to shared C4-T4
Cardiovascular S&S
What are some common cardiovascular S&S regarding chest P!?
-Family Hx of Heart Attack > 60 y/o
-L UE more common
-UE P! is in ulnar n distribution medially into the little finger; especially upon exertion
The S&S is associated with what system:
Dizziness/ Lt.headedness/ fainting (syncope)
Fatigue, with MINIMAL exertion
Peripheral Vascular S&S
-LE edema
-P! in LE (area may lose color)
-Diminished pulse
cardiovascular system
Hx and Observation S&S:
What are the standard vital signs?
Assess Ankle-Brachial Index
Pt. rests supine 5-10 min
≥ .9 can be used for prediction
Cardiovascular system:
-Temp, HR, RR, BP, & (SPo2)
This system’s primary function is lymph nodes and vessels; develops embryonically from the venous system.
-removal of cellular debris and waste products
Lymphatic system
These S&S are commonly associated with________ system:
-primarily fluid build-up and pressure
-Full, heavy, and or tight sensation, particularly w/colthing or jewelry
-Parthiesisas/Numbness
-Increased extremity size
Lymphatic S&S
Head and neck edema interferes with speech, swallowing, and breathing is an advanced case of the _______ S&S
Lymphatic
Head and neck edema interferes with speech, swallowing, and breathing is an advanced case of the _______ S&S
Lymphatic
Hx and oberserbation S&S
-ROM
Girth Measures
-Palpation of lymph nodes
-Temp
Lymphatic system
These functions are associated with what system:
noses, mouth pharynx, larynx to lungs
-in coordination with cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems to facilitate gas exchange
-removes Co2 and waste from tissues
Respiratory system
P! in neck or upper shoulder
decreased breath sounds and possible plural rub of lung and rubs connective tissue
Thorax P! (shared T2-4 innervation) exacerbated by:
-Trunk Motion
-Accessory motion testing
-deep inspiration
respiratory system S&S
Hx and Observation:
-Standard Vitals
-Beath sounds with a stethoscope and auscultations
-Prescussions
respiratory system
These functions are associated with what system?
stomach, intestines colon, rectum
-Digestion
-Absorbption
-Excertion
-Protection
Gastrointestinal system
P! in neck truck, pelvic, and or shoulder; (shared innervation)
-Bowel dysfunction
-Swallowing difficulties
-N&V
-food version/intolerances
Gastrointestinal S&S
Hx and observation
abdominal quadrant assessment
Gastrointestinal system
These functions are associated with which of the following systems: uptake synthesize, packaging, and secretion of lipids and fats and lipoproteins
*Plays role in nearly every bodily system
Endocrine and GI systems assist with
-Digestion
-Absorbtion
heptaic system
Mostly due to increases in bilirubin
-GI S&S
-P! in upper abdominal and or thoracic quadrant/R upper shoulder
-Neuro involvement, increases neurotoxin build-up of ammonia/bile
Hepatic S&S
Hx and Observation:
Abdominal quadrant assessment
**Neurological tests
Hepatic system
These functions are associated with what system:
-sensory processing
-involuntary and voluntary responses
-MAJOR controlling, regulating, and communicating bodily system
Nervous system
