EXAM #2 Pulmonary Embolism- Varicella Zoster Virus Flashcards

1
Q

what is pulmonary embolism?

A

blockage of pulmonary artery

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2
Q

pulmonary embolism is associate with high ______ and ________
_____ of patients that go untreated die

A

morbidity and mortality
1/3

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3
Q

pulmonary embolisms are more common in ____ > _____ years old

A

females > 50 years old

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4
Q

what are some risk factors of pulmonary embolism?

A

prior PE or deep vein thrombosis (aka clot)
immobility
LE joint replacement or fractures
late stage pregnancy

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5
Q

what is most often the cause of a pulmonary embolism?

A

deep vein thrombosis or clot, esp in LE
blockages from fat, air bubbles, amniotic fluid, tumors

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6
Q

pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism?
obstruction passes through _____ side of heart and becomes lodged in ______ _____ ______ feeding the _______

A

right
smaller pulmonary arteries
lungs

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7
Q

pulmonary embolism S&S are labeled as ?

A

the great masqueraders

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8
Q

most common S&S of pulmonary embolism?
however, what 3 things might be the only symptoms?

A

pleuritic chest pain (shared T2-4 innervation)
sudden sharp and stabbing chest pain

SOB, wheezing, rapid breathing

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9
Q

what kind of condition would PTs consider pulmonary embolism?

A

do not want to miss condition
timely detection is critical
emergency referral

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10
Q

what are PT implications for upper GI system?

A

differentiate from cardiopulm issues
thoughtful positioning - keep upright

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11
Q

what is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
allowed from?

A

consequence from backflow of stomach contents into esophagus
– allowed from dysfunctional valve between stomach and esophagus

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12
Q

what is one of the most common digestive disorders?

A

GERD

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13
Q

what are causes of GERD?

A

foods, obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, medications

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14
Q

what is esophagitis?

A

inflammation or injury to the esophagus

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15
Q

what are the most common S&S of GERD?
- may refer to?

A

heartburn or chest pain/tightness
(shared T5-10 innervation) esp after meals or reclining
may refer to the neck
regurgitation

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16
Q

what is a peptic ulcer?

A

discontinuation of GI track lining

17
Q

what can cause peptic ulcers?

A

H. pylori bacteria
NSAIDS

18
Q

what are S&S of peptic ulcers?

A

chest P!, mid-thoracic or supraclavicular regions possibly at night
abdominal bloating and fullness
N&V
weight changes

19
Q

PT implications for peptic ulcers?

A

primarily urgent referral but emergency referral if:
progressive dysphagia
persistent vomiting
family hx of GI malignancy

20
Q

what is scheuermann disease (kyphoscoliosis)?

A

anterior vertebral body wedging of adjacent thoracic vertebrae in adolescents

21
Q

most common cause of adolescent hyperkyphosis? more often in ______

A

scheuermann disease
males

22
Q

S&S of scheuermann disease

A

excessive and rigid thoracic kyphosis
thoracic P!
worse with activity, better with rest
possible counter hyperlordosis in cervical/lumbar regions

23
Q

chicken pox is _____ occurrence and typically _____
shingles is _____ occurrence and typically more _______

A

1st ; milder
2nd ; severe

24
Q

risk factors of varicella-zoster virus:

A

Hx of chickenpox is necessary to develop shingles
increased risk around 50 years old
can have shingles more than one time

25
Q

how is varicella zoster virus transmitted?

A

airborne or direct contact transmission
highly contagious

26
Q

varicella zoster virus travels from ________ through ______ and eventually to ________

A

lymph
blood
nerve endings

27
Q

varicella zoster virus is emergency referral if:

A

around the eye

28
Q

what is a key S&S of varicella zoster virus?

A

dewdrop on a rose petal - vesicle on a red base that erupt
occurs in a dermatomal pattern (T3-L3)