EXAM #2 Pulmonary Embolism- Varicella Zoster Virus Flashcards
what is pulmonary embolism?
blockage of pulmonary artery
pulmonary embolism is associate with high ______ and ________
_____ of patients that go untreated die
morbidity and mortality
1/3
pulmonary embolisms are more common in ____ > _____ years old
females > 50 years old
what are some risk factors of pulmonary embolism?
prior PE or deep vein thrombosis (aka clot)
immobility
LE joint replacement or fractures
late stage pregnancy
what is most often the cause of a pulmonary embolism?
deep vein thrombosis or clot, esp in LE
blockages from fat, air bubbles, amniotic fluid, tumors
pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism?
obstruction passes through _____ side of heart and becomes lodged in ______ _____ ______ feeding the _______
right
smaller pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary embolism S&S are labeled as ?
the great masqueraders
most common S&S of pulmonary embolism?
however, what 3 things might be the only symptoms?
pleuritic chest pain (shared T2-4 innervation)
sudden sharp and stabbing chest pain
SOB, wheezing, rapid breathing
what kind of condition would PTs consider pulmonary embolism?
do not want to miss condition
timely detection is critical
emergency referral
what are PT implications for upper GI system?
differentiate from cardiopulm issues
thoughtful positioning - keep upright
what is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
allowed from?
consequence from backflow of stomach contents into esophagus
– allowed from dysfunctional valve between stomach and esophagus
what is one of the most common digestive disorders?
GERD
what are causes of GERD?
foods, obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, medications
what is esophagitis?
inflammation or injury to the esophagus
what are the most common S&S of GERD?
- may refer to?
heartburn or chest pain/tightness
(shared T5-10 innervation) esp after meals or reclining
may refer to the neck
regurgitation
what is a peptic ulcer?
discontinuation of GI track lining
what can cause peptic ulcers?
H. pylori bacteria
NSAIDS
what are S&S of peptic ulcers?
chest P!, mid-thoracic or supraclavicular regions possibly at night
abdominal bloating and fullness
N&V
weight changes
PT implications for peptic ulcers?
primarily urgent referral but emergency referral if:
progressive dysphagia
persistent vomiting
family hx of GI malignancy
what is scheuermann disease (kyphoscoliosis)?
anterior vertebral body wedging of adjacent thoracic vertebrae in adolescents
most common cause of adolescent hyperkyphosis? more often in ______
scheuermann disease
males
S&S of scheuermann disease
excessive and rigid thoracic kyphosis
thoracic P!
worse with activity, better with rest
possible counter hyperlordosis in cervical/lumbar regions
chicken pox is _____ occurrence and typically _____
shingles is _____ occurrence and typically more _______
1st ; milder
2nd ; severe
risk factors of varicella-zoster virus:
Hx of chickenpox is necessary to develop shingles
increased risk around 50 years old
can have shingles more than one time
how is varicella zoster virus transmitted?
airborne or direct contact transmission
highly contagious
varicella zoster virus travels from ________ through ______ and eventually to ________
lymph
blood
nerve endings
varicella zoster virus is emergency referral if:
around the eye
what is a key S&S of varicella zoster virus?
dewdrop on a rose petal - vesicle on a red base that erupt
occurs in a dermatomal pattern (T3-L3)
