EXAM #2 Pathology Related to the Immune System - Hypersensitivity Disorder Flashcards
What are the 3 broad groups cells belong to?
Innate, Adaptive, and Macrophages
Describe innate cells:
-non-specific from birth
-Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, natural killer cells
Describe adaptive cells: (4)
-acquired when?
-job?
-Acquired following exposure
-Remember foreign invaders
-B and T cells or lymphocytes
-How MOST vaccines work
What cells are BOTH innate and adaptive?
macrophages and dendritic cells
Stem cells occur in ________ and _______ to generate _________
bone marrow and blood; immune
Predominately leukocyte or WBC
1st cells to arrive
Neutrophils
-Ingest and kill pathogens/debris
-Short-lived….. form pus along bacteria
-A decrease is the PRINCIPLE cause of susceptibility to infection
Phagocytosis
-Long-lived
___________mature into _____________
-Filter pus/bacteria from nerophils and kill larger pathogens
Monocytes and Macrophages
What are the following cells to participate after monocytes and macrophages to handle larger cells?
Eosinophils
What do the Esoinphils cells release?
Histamines
-vasodilator to improve circulation of needed cells to the target site; reddening influence.
Histamine (realsed by eosinophils , basophils, and mast cells)
-produce antibodies in reaction to antigens or foreign substance
B lymphoctyes
-stimulate B lymphocytes that directly kill infected host
T lymohocytes
Present antigen to T lymphocytes:
-ingest/digest
-develop an antigen on themselves
-T lymphocytes respond accordingly by attacking antigen
What is the function of natural killer cells?
directly kill cells infected with pathogens
Are large lymphocytes; distinct from B and T cells?
Yes.
NK cells also activate ___________
macrophages
What cell does this describe and what line of defense is it a part of?
-natural and preventative
-capable of resolving MOST threats
-pattern recognition of some pathogens
-Limited specific so may not remember all future invaders
Innate; first line of defense
What are the external defenses of innate cells: (9)
skin, mucus, peristalsis, coughing, sneezing, stomach acid, ear wax, tears, salvia
What are the internal defenses of innate cells:
-innate cells and components from birth
-soluble facts that modify cell behavior and enhance the inflammatory response
The Second Line of Defense or can also be known as the _________________
Inflammatory reponse
There are characteristics of what type of response:
-activated at the time of injury or exposure
-series of vascular and cellular activities
-possibly start a fever
-natural killer cells released
Vascular Response
The ________ ________ systems clots to controls bleeding
plasma protein
What part of the Plasma Protein System
-produces bradykinin for vasodialtion and vascular permeability and vascular permeability?
Kinin
What part of the Plasma Protein System
-activates fibrinolytic system producing plasmin to lyse clots
Kinin
What part of the Plasma Protien System
-makes debris/pathogen vulerable to phagocytosis
Kinin
The Third Line of Defense or can also be known as the ________________
The specific immune system
Adaptive immunity is a part of the first line of defense. T or F
False; adaptive immunity is a part of the third line of defense