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Clin Med I-II > EXAM #2 Pathologies Related to UE > Flashcards

EXAM #2 Pathologies Related to UE Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common area of metastasis?

A

lung
esp from colorectal region

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2
Q

why is metastasis common?

A

due to lungs being the first organ to filter malignant cells in vena cava

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3
Q

who are at risk for lung cancer?

A

long term smokers

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4
Q

true or false. lung cancer symptoms may not arise until disease is widespread

A

ture

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5
Q

what is the most common symptom for lung cancer along with other respiratory S&S?

A

cough

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6
Q

lung cancer may have _____ P! that can be associated with a ______ tumor

A

shoulder P!
pancoast

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7
Q

lung cancer is what type of referral?

A

urgent

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8
Q

less common lung cancer in the apical region

A

pancoast tumor

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9
Q

who has the highest occurrence of pancoast tumors?

A

men > 50 years of age with a smoking history

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10
Q

S&S of pancoast tumor:

A

lung cancer S&S
shoulder P! (most common symptom)
compression on subclavian v. –> TOS S&S, ribs, vertebrae, brachial plexus, spinal n –> paresthesia’s along C8 T1

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11
Q

what motions would fatiguing weakness and hand atrophy be present at C8 with a pancoast tumor?

A

ulnar deviation
5th digit flexion

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12
Q

what motions would fatiguing weakness and hand atrophy be present at T1 with a pancoast tumor?

A

2nd digit flexion
thumb flexion/abduction

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13
Q

what motions would fatiguing weakness and hand atrophy be present at median nerve with a pancoast tumor?

A

pronation
wrist flexion
thumb flexion/abduction

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14
Q

what motions would fatiguing weakness and hand atrophy be present at ulnar nerve with a pancoast tumor?

A

wrist flexion
ulnar deviation
4/5th digit flexion

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15
Q

pancoast tumor dural mobility may possibly be + for what nerves?

A

median and ulnar

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16
Q

growth of a pancoast tumor may lead to compression on what?

A

sympathetic ganglion at cervicothoracic junction

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17
Q

what are S&S of pancoast tumor?

A

ipsilateral fascial flushing and sweating
Horner’s syndrome
respiratory S&S are rare due to smaller apical location

18
Q

what is psoriatic arthritis?

A

a type of spondyloarthropathy or spondyloarthritide

19
Q

what is the cause of psoriatic arthritis?

A

unclear genetic and environmental factors

20
Q

onset of psoriatic arthritis typically in ____ and ____
less common than _______

A

30s and 40s
rheumatoid arthritis

21
Q

what is a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis?

A

psoriasis

22
Q

how does psoriatic arthritis develop?

A

persistent inflammation targets the entheses and gradually thickens and erodes tissues
fibrous tissue may even fill in the joint space

23
Q

S&S of psoriatic arthritis

A

spondyloarthritide S&S
dactylitis - inflammation of entire digit
enthesis - DIPs more affected due to greater number of entheses and very little synovial tissue

24
Q

what kind of referral for psoriatic arthritis

A

urgent referral

25
Q

what do both psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis do?

A
  • damage joints causing swelling and stiffness
  • damage other tissues and organs
  • auto immune disease - produce auto antibodies
26
Q

what are two differences between psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

A

RA attacks synovial joint tissue (MCPs and wrists) PsA attacks entheses (DIPs)

RA - bilateral
PsA - unilateral

27
Q

what is the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

onset - 30-60s
females > males

28
Q

what is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

unclear genetic and environmental factors
positive rheumatoid factor in blood tests

29
Q

how does rheumatoid arthritis develop?

A
  • auto-immune disease that breaks down all loose connective tissue throughout the body
  • progresses from cartilage degradation to ligament laxity to thickened synovial tissue and finally erosion
30
Q

what structure is involved in rheumatoid arthritis? it is the most common type of tissue in the body

A

all loose connective tissue
holds organs in place and attaches skin to underlying tissue
particularly in synovial membrane of synovial joints

31
Q

what are autoimmune S&S for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

joint pain and stiffness > 30 minutes in the morning and after prolonged positions
reduced grip strength

32
Q

rheumatoid arthritis typically starts in ______ peripheral joints, particularly the ______

A

smaller
hands

33
Q

what are 3 possibilities that rheumatoid arthritis could progress to?

A

possible tendon ruptures and deformities: synovitis (enlarged finger joints), swan neck and boutonniere deformities, nodules and spurring, ulnar drift at wrist
carpal tunnel syndrome
may progress to cervical spine

34
Q

what would a PT prescribe for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

POLICED
aggressive stretches contraindicated with advanced cases
orthotics/ergonomic education –> unload involved cartilage/support joints, prevent greater deformity/ROM loss
JM: cartilage integrity/joint mobility (contraindicated in advanced cases)
MET: optimal stresses for cartilage integrity/joint mobility

35
Q

what is the prognosis for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

progressive
secondary OA changes inevitable
development of joint instability, of concern in upper cervical spine

36
Q

RA - _______ ________ disease
OA - ________ ________ disorder

A

connective tissue
articular cartilage

37
Q

RA affects:
OA affects:

A

joints, muscles, organs, etc
only affects joints, primarily weight bearing ones

38
Q

RA symptoms present?
OA symptoms present?

A

symptoms always present, but with exacerbations/remissions
symptoms aren’t always present

39
Q

RA pain ____ stiffness
OA stiffness ____ pain

A

>

40
Q

RA edema/effusion in _______
OA edema/effusion ________

A

extremities
localized

41
Q

`RA and OA bilateral or unilateral?

A

RA: bilateral
OA: unilateral

Clin Med I-II (21 decks)

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