System components and functions

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Protects deeper tissues with a covering. Produces Vitamin D

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

Contains blood vessels, nerves and glands. Supplies epidermis with nutrients and oxygen. Has fat stores.

Question 3

Hair Follicles

Answer 3

Percives stimuli through the nervous system

Question 4

Hairs

Answer 4

Insulation, Protection and sensory purposes

Question 5

Sebaceous glands

Answer 5

Lubricates hair shafts and epidermis.

Question 6

Sweat Glands

Answer 6

Thermoregulation

Question 7

Nails

Answer 7

Stiffens and protects tips of fingers and toes

Question 8

Sensory receptors

Answer 8

Detects sensations. (Touch, pressure, temperature, pain)

Question 9

Hypodermis

Answer 9

Attaches skin to deeper layers. Provides Insulation through fat stores and cushioning.

Question 10

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 10

Papillary (aeolar tissue), Reticular (connective tissue)

Question 11

Tactile Corpuscle

Answer 11

Detecting touch and vibrational stimuli

Question 12

Lamellated Corpuscle

Answer 12

Detecting pressure

Question 13

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 13

Movement, produces heat through shivering, supports the skeleton and protects soft tissues. Also controls entrances and exits for the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems.

Question 14

Axial muscles

Answer 14

Provides support and positioning of axial skeleton

Question 15

Appendicular muscles

Answer 15

Supports and moves limbs

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

Rope like connections between muscle and bone. Transmits force generated by muscle contractions into the bones.

Question 17

Aponeuroses

Answer 17

Broad, flat sheet like tendons that attach muscles to other muscles or to bone.

Question 18

Bone

Answer 18

Provides support, serves as attachment sites, stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

Question 19

Cartilage

Answer 19

Connective tissue which provides cushioning between bones, (reducing friction and allowing for smooth movements)

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

Fibrous tissues which connect bones to other bones at joints. Limits excessive movement and prevents dislocation.

Question 21

Axial Skeleton

Answer 21

Protects the brain and spinal cord, sense organs and soft tissues of the thorax. Supports body weight over lower limbs

Question 22

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 22

Provides internal support and positioning of the external limbs. Allows muscles to move the axial skeleton

Question 23

Red bone marrow

Answer 23

Red blood cell production (occurs in flat bones)

Question 24

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 24

Stores of fat cells (found in long bones), after a major bleeding some yellow bone marrow will turn to red.

Question 25

Central Nervous system components

Answer 25

Includes the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

Question 26

Brain

Answer 26

Command centre, processes information and controls movement and behaviour.

Question 27

Spinal Cord

Answer 27

Relays information to and from brain. Less complex integrative activities

Question 28

Special senses

Answer 28

Sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell, taste and equilibrium

Question 29

PNS

Answer 29

Links CNS with other systems and sense organs

Question 30

Pineal Gland

Answer 30

Controls day and night rhythms (melatonin)

Question 31

Hypothalamus/ Pituitary Gland

Answer 31

Controls other endocrine glands, regulates growth and fluid balance

Question 32

Thyroid Gland

Answer 32

Metabolic rate by thyroxine

Question 33

Parathyroid gland

Answer 33

Calcium levels

Question 34

Adrenal glands

Answer 34

water and mineral balance(aldersterone) , Tissue metabolism, (cortisol) Cardio and Respiratory function (adrenaline)

Question 35

Pancreas

Answer 35

Glucose control, production of digestive enzymes

Question 36

Gonads

Answer 36

Sexual characteristics and reproduction

Question 37

What is the result of too much growth hormone during childhood

Answer 37

Gigantism

Question 38

What is the result of too much growth hormone as a adult

Answer 38

Acromegaly

Question 39

IGF

Answer 39

insulin like growth factor secreted by liver

Question 40

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 40

Contractile vessels, carries lymph fluid and lymphocytes from peripheral tissue to veins of CV system

Question 41

B cells and T cells

Answer 41

Cells that carry out immune responses

Question 42

Lymph nodes and tonsils

Answer 42

Monitor composition of lymph, stimulates immune response

Question 43

Spleen

Answer 43

Monitors circulation, engulfs pathogens, recycle red blood cells, produces immune responses, large lymph nodes.

Question 44

Thymus (lymphatic)

Answer 44

Controls development and maintenance of the T cell lymphocytes

Question 45

Heart

Answer 45

Propels blood and maintains blood pressure

Question 46

Arteries

Answer 46

Heart to capillaries

Question 47

Capillaries

Answer 47

Diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

Question 48

Veins

Answer 48

Returns blood from capillaries to heart

Question 49

Blood

Answer 49

Transport of O2, CO2, nutrients and hormones, removes waste, temperature regulation, defense against illness, acid base balance

Question 50

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Answer 50

Filter, warm and humidity air and detect smells

Question 51

Pharynx

Answer 51

Conducts air to larynx

Question 52

Larynx

Answer 52

Protects opening to trachea, vocal chords

Question 53

Trachea

Answer 53

Conducts air, kept open by cartilage

Question 54

Bronchi

Answer 54

Conducts air between trachea and lungs

Question 55

Lungs

Answer 55

Air movement, Gas exchange of O2, CO2 in alveoli, acid base control

Question 56

Diaphragm

Answer 56

Muscle and air movement

Question 57

Oral Cavity

Answer 57

Breaks up food

Question 58

Salivary glands

Answer 58

Buffers and lubricant, Enzymes that begin digestion

Question 59

Pharynx (Digestive)

Answer 59

Solid food and liquids to the esophagus, chamber shared with trachea

Question 60

Esophagus

Answer 60

Food to stomach

Question 61

Stomach

Answer 61

Secrete acid, Enzymes, Hormones

Question 62

Small Intestine

Answer 62

Digestive enzymes, Buffers and hormones, absorbs nutrients

Question 63

Liver

Answer 63

Secreted Bile, regulates nutrients in blood

Question 64

Gallbladder

Answer 64

Concentrated bile

Question 65

Pancreas

Answer 65

Digestive enzymes, Buffers, Endocrine cells

Question 66

Large intestines and Anus

Answer 66

Water removal, waste storage and removal

Question 67

Kidney

Answer 67

Forms and concentrates urine, regulates blood pH and ions, Blood volume and blood pressure, calcium production

Question 68

Ureters

Answer 68

Urine to bladder

Question 69

Bladder

Answer 69

stores urine

Question 70

urethra

Answer 70

conducts urine to exterior

Question 71

Testes

Answer 71

Produce sperm and hormones

Question 72

Epididymis

Answer 72

Sperm maturation

Question 73

Ductus deferens

Answer 73

sperm from epididymis

Question 74

Seminal glands

Answer 74

Seminal fluid

Question 75

Prostate glands

Answer 75

Produce Seminal fluid

Question 76

Male Urethra

Answer 76

Sperm to exterior

Question 77

External genitalia, Penis, Scrotum

Answer 77

Reproduction and thermal control testes

Question 78

Ovaries

Answer 78

Procured and hormones

Question 79

Uterine tubes

Answer 79

Delivery oocyte, Location of fertilization

Question 80

Uterus

Answer 80

Embryonic development

Question 81

Vagina and external genitalia

Answer 81

Lubrication, Sperm reception, Birth canal

Question 82

Mammary glands

Answer 82

Nutrition for new born