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BIOSCI > Lecture 3 Connective > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Connective Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue 2 components

A

Extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells

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2
Q

Extracellular matrix (ECM) 2 components

A

Ground substance, and Fibrous proteins (secreted by cells in ECM)

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3
Q

What is ground substance made of?

A

water, polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans), proteins

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4
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans?

A

Long unbranched sugars made from repeating disaccharide units (e.g glucuronic acid, N acetylglucosamine)

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5
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Core protein + glycosaminoglycan

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6
Q

Sulphated GAGs

A

Dermatan, Keratan, Heparin, Chondroitin

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7
Q

Non sulphated GAG

A

Hyaluronic Acid

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8
Q

Applications of Hyaluronic Acid

A

Viscous, slippery binds cells together, lubricates joints, maintains eye-ball shape

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9
Q

3 types of fibrous proteins

A

Collagen Fibres, Reticular (collagen type III) fibres, Elastic fibres

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10
Q

Application of sulphated GAGs

A

Keratan: Strengthens bone, cartilage; lubricates cornea of eyes
Dermatan: Skin, Tendons, heart valves, blood vessels
Chondroitin: adhesive features in bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessels
Heparin

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11
Q

Periorbital deposition and Thyroid disease

A

Over stimulation of thyroid gland (swells) –> over activation of fibroblasts –> increased secretion of fibrous proteins + increased GAGs and water –> orbital content increases causing enlargement of eye.

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12
Q

Marfans Syndrome

A

Mutation of gene coding for Fibrillins on Chromosome 15 –> Transforming Growth Factor beta (TFGb) can’t bind properly to Fivrillin –> Fibrillin remains active so increased growth

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13
Q

Marfans Syndrome symptoms

A

Tall, long limbs, collapsed or protruding sternum, weakened heart valves + blood vessels

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14
Q

2 common CT tissue cell types

A

Fibroblasts; Adipocytes

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15
Q

Other CT tissue cell types

A

Macrophage (wanderer), Plasma cell (antibodies), Mast cell (histamine), Leucocyte (white blood cell, phils and cytes)

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16
Q

Plasma cells

A

Differentiated from B-lymphocytes, and produce antibodies. Found particularly in gut, spleen, lungs, salivary glands lymph nodes, RBM.

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17
Q

Mast cells

A

Produce histamine which dilates blood vessels, obv found in blood vessels

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18
Q

Macrophage

A

Differentiated from Monocytes. Wandering in CT at sites of III (infection, injury, inflammation) or fixed as specialised:
Dust cells in lungs, Kupffer cells in liver, Langerhan’s cells in skin

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19
Q

Leucocytes

A

White blood cells including neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte

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20
Q

Two classifications of CT

A

Embryonic, Mature

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21
Q

Two types of embryonic CT

A

Mesenchyme (embryonic), Mucous

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22
Q

Mesenchyme (embryonic)

A

Gives rise to all other CT, made up of mesenchymal cells in semi-fluid GS containing reticular fibres

23
Q

Mucous CT

A

Has scattered fibroblasts embedded in jelly-like GS, supports umbilical cord

24
Q

6 types of mature CT

A

Proper loose and dense; Fluid blood and lymph; Supporting bone and cartilage

25
Q

Loose CT

A

Fibres create loose framework; areolar, adipose, reticular.
More cells than fibres.

26
Q

Dense CT

A

Fibres densely packed;
regular, irregular, elastic.
More fibres than cells.

27
Q

Blood and Lymph

A

Cardiovascular and lymphatic

28
Q

Supporting bone

A

Solid crystaline matrix

29
Q

Supporting cartilage

A

Solid rubbery matrix;
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous

30
Q

Loose Reticular CT

A

Supporting structure of bone marrow, liver, lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils); predominantly consist of reticular fibres

31
Q

Loose adipose CT

A

Found in butt, front/sides of abdomen, orbit of eye. Stores energy as fat in white adipose, generates heat in brown adipose (insulation); predominantly adipocytes with central centre triglyceride droplet

32
Q

Loose Areolar CT

A

Widely distributed packing material found everywhere (general). Strength, support, elasticity from 3 fibres (collagen, reticular, elastic).

33
Q

Dense regular CT

A

Comprises tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses; stronger in 1D from parallel arrangement of predom collagen fibres. Slow healing due to less cells.

34
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

In dermis and forms protective (impact resistant) coating of eyeball and muscle fascia; weaker in 1D but stronger in all D from irregular arrangement of predom collagen fibres.

35
Q

Dense elastic CT

A

In blood vessels, respiratory passages, surrounds spine for strength and return to original shape; consists of elastic + collagen fibres

36
Q

Supporting Hyaline cartilage CT location

A

Found in respiratory cartilage (trachea, bronchi, nose), anterior ends of ribs and long bones, embryonic and fetal skeleton

37
Q

Supporting Elastic cartilage CT

A

Found in ears, tip of nose, larynx; consists of elastic fibres so very flexible to supporting bending

38
Q

Supporting Fibrocartilage CT

A

Found in intervertebral discs and joints for shock absorption, insertions of tendons and ligaments; very strong due to collagen fibres, protects blood vessels from compression.

39
Q

Osteoblasts to osteocytes

A

osteoblasts, lay down new bone by adding more collagen + mineralisation, difficulty receiving nutrients so turns into osteocytes

40
Q

Osteogenic to Osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cells lay down collagen and become trapped in ECM, turns into –> osteoblasts

41
Q

Osteocytes

A

osteocytes, maintains tissue, exchanges nutrients and wastes, and have gap junctions

42
Q

4 types of bone tissue cells

A

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

43
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone resorption (breakdown of matrix) and remodelling, formed from fusion of blood monocytes, large multi-nuclei cells,

44
Q

4 parts of osteon structure

A

Lamellae. Lacunae, Canaliculi, Central Haversion Canal

45
Q

Lamellae

A

Concentric rings hardened with mineral salts (calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide= hydroxyapitite), and collagen (tensile strength)

46
Q

Lacunae

A

Small spaces between lamellae, contains mature osteocytes

47
Q

Canaliculi

A

Mini canals containing EC fluid for transport of oxygen, nutrients, waste to osteocytes in lacunae

47
Q

Central Haversian canal

A

nerves, blood and lymph

47
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Lay down hyaline cartilage callus

48
Q

Phagocytic cells

A

Monocytes which differentiate into macrophages; B-lymphocytes which differentiate into plasma cells; neutrophils

49
Q

Release substances to intensify inflammation

A

Basophil and Mast cells (immature are mobile, mature stay in tissues)

50
Q

Eosinophils

A

migrates to sites of parasitic infection and allergic responses

51
Q

Platelets

A

clotting (from megakaryocytes)

BIOSCI (21 decks)

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