Lecture 3 Flashcards
What is the ECM made of
Ground substances + Cells
What is Ground substance made of?
Water, Proteins and Polysaccharides
What are the polysaccharides?
Glucosamineglycans or mucopolysaccharides
What is formed by the joining of glucosamineglycans and core proteins?
Proteoglycans
What are the repeating disaccharide units of glucosamineglycans?
Amino sugar (N.acetyglucosamine) and Uronic sugar (Glucuronic acid)
What are the sulphate GAGs
Dermatan, Heparin, Keratan, Chondroitin
What are non sulphate GAGs?
Hyaluronic acid
Why is hyaluronic acid unusual?
Its not sulphated or covalent bound to core proteins
Why are GAGs highly polar?
So they can attract water and trap it so that the ground substance is more jelly like
What are the functions of hyaluronic acid
Bind cells together, lubricates joints, maintains shape of eyeball
What are the functions of hyaluronidase?
Makes ground substance more liquid so they can move more easily in it. Makes access to egg easier for sperm
What is the function of Chondroitin
Adhesiveness of bones, cartilage, blood vessels, skin
What is the function of Keratan?
Hydrating the cornea, adhesiveness of bone and cartilage
What is the function of dermatan
Development of blood vessels, constitutes skin, tendons, heart valves
What are the features of Exophthalmos?
Goitre, autoimmune overreaction of thyroid and action of fibroblasts in ECM of eye
Why do eyes look swollen in exophthalmos?
Deposition of GAGs and influx of water
What are the three different types of protein fibers?
Collagen, Elastin and Reticular
What are the features of collagen fibers?
Strong and flexible, Parallel bundles, has different composition in different types of body tissue
Where are collagen fibers found?
Tendons, cartilage, bones and ligament