Synthesizing Compounds Flashcards
What is stage two?
A risk assessment. This involves identifying risks, who could be affected, and how to reduce these.
What is stage three?
Calculating the quantities of the reactants. A balanced equation needs to be used to learn the quantities of the reactants for the products, preventing waste.
What is stage four?
Choosing apparatus and conditions.
Apparatus : needs to be the correct size for the reactants and products, and the apparatus needs to be the correct strength. (Ie- if the reaction is explosive and gives out heat).
Conditions: temperature, concentrations, and catalyst? Yes? No?
What is stage 5?
Isolation - the products are separated from the reaction mixture through evaporation for soluble products or filtration and drying for insoluble products.
How does evaporation and crystallisation work?
Evaporation separates soluble solids from mixtures. This is done through heating the solution to leave solid crystals.
This is also useful for purification as the impurities cannot fit into the regular structure. This is repeated to improve purity through recrystallisation as the products are dissolved and crystallised again.
How does filtration work?
This involves isolating insoluble solids from the liquid reactant mixture using filter paper. This is used for aspirin.
For purification, solid impurities are filtered out.
What is stage 6?
This involves purifying the product as it is isolated.
What is stage 7?
Measuring yield to show the success of the process, comparing what you could potentially get with all the reactants, (theoretical yield), to the actual yield, the mass of pure, dry product that is produced. This is weighed, and percentage yield is calculated.
How does drying work?
A drying oven is used to heat the products, removing excess water, or hot air is blown.
Desiccators are containers with chemicals like silica gel to remove moisture.
Filtration is used to separate… From its liquid mixture.
Aspirin.
What is stage one?
Choosing the reaction for the product. Will this be neutralisation, thermal decomposition, or precipitation? Which one for the right product ?
Reactants in a solution are…
Aqueous.
