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Intro to Linguistics > Syntax Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Syntax Ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Syntax

A

The component of grammar that deals with how words and phrases are all linguistic expressions

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2
Q

Linguistic Expression

A

A piece of language in a certain form, meaning, and syntactic properties

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3
Q

Grammatical

A

A syntactically well-formed sentence in some language

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4
Q

Ungrammatical

A

A syntactically ill-formed sentence

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5
Q

Grammaticality Judgment

A

A reflection of speakers’ mental grammar

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6
Q

Subject

A

The expression that usually occurs immediately to the left of the verb

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7
Q

Object

A

The expression that usually occurs to the right of the verb

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8
Q

Principle of Compositionality

A

Underlies the design feature of productivity

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9
Q

Lexical Expressions

A

Words

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10
Q

Phrasal Expressions

A

Multiword syntactical combinations

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11
Q

Word Order

A

How expressions are ordered

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12
Q

Co-occurrence

A

The simultaneous occurrence of expressions in a sentence

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13
Q

Argument

A

The event that an occurrence of an expression in a sentence necessitates the occurrence of another expression

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14
Q

Complements

A

Non-subject arguments

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15
Q

Adjuncts

A

Expressions whose occurrence in a sentence is optional

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16
Q

Modifiers

A

Sometimes called adjuncts, adjectives that modify the meaning of a word

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17
Q

Agreement

A

Strict requirements regarding the kind of argument that an expression can have regarding the combination of grammatical features

18
Q

Syntactic Consituent

A

Groups of expressions within a larger phrase that can form a syntactic unit

19
Q

Cleft

A

A kind of sentence in which some constituent is displaced to the left

20
Q

Substitution

A

Replacing a constituent with a single word

21
Q

Pro-forms

A

Pronouns and proverbs

22
Q

Pronouns

A

He/him, she/her, it. they/them, one, that

23
Q

Proverb

A

Do, be, have, there, then, such

24
Q

Syntactic Categories

A

Consists of a set of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties

25
Q

Syntactic Distribution

A

Expressions that can occur in almost the same syntactic environments

26
Q

Noun phrases

A

Personal pronouns, proper names, and any other expression that have the same distribution

27
Q

Determiner

A

The co-occurrence of syntactically different nouns

28
Q

Count Nouns

A

Nouns that are able to be counted

29
Q

Mass Nouns

A

Nouns that cannot be counted or pluralized

30
Q

Adjectives

A

Noun phrases that consist of a determiner and a noun, and single word noun phrases

31
Q

Intransitive Verbs

A

Verbs that require no complements

32
Q

Transitive Verbs

A

Verbs which require a noun phrase complement to form a verb phrase

33
Q

Distransitive Verb

A

Verbs that belong to a syntactic category

34
Q

Sentential Compliment Verbs

A

Verbs that require a complement of syntactic category to form a verb phrase

35
Q

Adverb

A

Expressions that can occur in a verb phrase as adjuncts

36
Q

Preposition

A

Words like with, down, on, in, over, under, for, from, of

37
Q

Phrase Structure Rules

A

Similar in form to lexical entries, except that they contain only names of syntactic categories, not do not contain actual linguistic forms

38
Q

Phrase Structure Tree

A

A display of the way a sentence is built up from lexical expressions using the phrase structure rules

39
Q

Ambigous

A

Linguistic forms that correspond to more than one distinct expression

40
Q

Homophony

A

The kind of ambiguity where a single word corresponds to distinct expressions that differ in meaning, syntactic properties, or both

Intro to Linguistics (7 decks)

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