Chapter 6 Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The subfield of linguistics that studies meaning in language

Question 2

Lexical Semantics

Answer 2

Deals with the meanings of words and other lexical expressions, including the meaning relationships among them

Question 3

Compositional Semantics

Answer 3

Concerned with phrasal meanings and how phrasal meanings are assembled

Question 4

Sense of Expression

Answer 4

A mental representation of a meaning or concept

Question 5

Referents

Answer 5

The particular entities in the world to which some expression refers

Question 6

Dictionary-Style Definition

Answer 6

Defines words in terms of other words, also reflects the way speakers of a language really use that word

Question 7

Mental Image

Answer 7

Things we have in our head and use to conceptualize reality

Question 8

Word Blanket

Answer 8

Something about a particular set of circumstances tells whether it is appropriate to use a certain word

Question 9

Hyponymy

Answer 9

When one set X is included in a set Y

Question 10

Sister Terms

Answer 10

Two words in reference of the same level of hierarchy

Question 11

Synonomy

Answer 11

Two words having exactly the same reference

Question 12

Anonymy

Answer 12

Notion of being opposite in some sense

Question 13

Complementary Pairs

Answer 13

Opposite words

Question 14

Gradeable

Answer 14

Represent points on a continuum

Question 15

Reverses

Answer 15

Pairs of words that suggest some kind of movement where one word suggests undoing the suggestion by the other

Question 16

Converses

Answer 16

Opposing points of view

Question 17

Proposition

Answer 17

The claim expressed by a sentence

Question 18

Truth Value

Answer 18

The ability to be true or false

Question 19

Truth Conditions

Answer 19

The conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for some proposition to be true

Question 20

Entailment

Answer 20

Evaluating truth conditions

Question 21

Mutual Entailment

Answer 21

When two propositions entail one another

Question 22

Incompatible

Answer 22

Impossible for both propositions to be true

Question 23

Principle of Compositionality

Answer 23

The meaning of a sentence is a function of the meanings of the words it contains and the way in which these words are syntactically combined

Question 24

Compositional

Answer 24

Meanings of multi-word expressions

Question 25

Idiom

Answer 25

Lexical expression in which the compositional meaning of the phrase has nothing to do with the literal meaning

Question 26

Intersective Adjectives

Answer 26

Produce pure intersections

Question 27

Relative Intersection

Answer 27

The reference of the adjective has to be determined relative to the reference of the noun

Question 28

Pure Intersection

Answer 28

The simplest form of adjectival combination

Question 29

Subjective Adjective

Answer 29

A subset for any other set that identifies big elements

Question 30

Non-Intersection Adjectives

Answer 30

Do not entail reference to the objects denoted by the nouns