Ch. 4 Morphology Flashcards
Affix
Added piece, suffix and prefix, attached to a stem
Affixation
The process of using affixes
Agglutinating Language
Synthesis of morphemes
Allomorph
Phonetically different forms that belong to the same morpheme
Alternation
Morpheme-internal modification
Ambiguity
Associated with more than one meaning
Analytic Language
Made up of sequences of free morphemes
Bound Morpheme
Morphemes that cannot stand alone
Bound Root
Roots that cannot stand alone
Closed Lexical Category
Include pronouns, determiners, prepositions, and conjunctions, and rarely acquire new members
Compounding
A process that forms new words not by means of affixes but from two or more independent words
Conjuction
A closed lexical category (e.g. and, or, but)
Content Morpheme
Carry semantic content and include all derivational affixes, bound roots, and free roots that belong to lexical categories preposition, determiners, pronoun, and conjunctions
Content Word
Free content morphemes (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs)
Derivation
Creating words out of other words
Determiner
e.g. a, the, this, your
Form
What a word sounds like when spoken
Free Morpheme
Simple words that can be used as words all by themselves
Function Morpheme
Contain primarily grammatical relevant information; include all inflectional affixes and free roots that belong to lexical categories preposition, determiner, pronoun, or conjunction
Function Word
Free function morphemes (prepositions, determiners, pronouns, and conjunctions)
Fusional Language
A subtype of synthetic language; words are formed by adding bound morphemes to stems and the affixes may not be easy to separate from the stem
Hierarchal Structure
Schematically represented by a tree diagram that indicates the steps involved in the formation of the word
Homophony
Affixes that sound alike but have different meanings or functions
Incorporation
A built in form
Infix
Inserted within the root morpheme
Inflection
The creation of different grammatical forms
Input
The stems with which a given affix may combine
Lexical Category
Classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them
Lexicon
Mental dictionary
Morpheme
Roots and affixes
Morphology
The component of mental grammar that deals with types of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words
Open Lexical Category
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; new words added to the language
Output
All of the words that are formed when an affix attaches to a stem
Partial Reduplication
A process of forming new words by doubling part of a free morpheme
Polysynthetic Language
Highly complex words formed by combining several stems and affixes; a matter of making nouns into parts of the verb forms
Prefix
Affixes the precede the stem they attach to
Preposition
e.g. on, of, under, for
Productive
Currently used to make new words
Pronoun
e.g. we, she, they
Reduplicant
A process of forming new words by doubling either an entire free morpheme or part of it
Root
A word in which affixes are built on
Simultaneous Affix
When affixes appear at the same time as each other
Stem
The thing to which the affixes attach
Suffix
Affixes that follow a stem
Suppletion
Completely irregular situation
