Constraints and Accents

Question 1

Phonetic Inventories

Answer 1

The sounds that are produced as a part of language

Question 2

Phonotactic Contraints

Answer 2

Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds

Question 3

Sound Substitution

Answer 3

Speakers that use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language

Question 4

Phoneme

Answer 4

A set of speech sounds that perceived to be variants of the same sound

Question 5

Allophone

Answer 5

Each member of a particular phoneme set

Question 6

Contrastive Distribution

Answer 6

A case in which two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment

Question 7

Overlapping Distribution

Answer 7

Phonemes that occur in the same environment

Question 8

Phonological Rules

Answer 8

The mapping between phonetic and phonemic elements

Question 9

Natural Class

Answer 9

A group of sounds in a language that shares one or more articulatory or auditory property

Question 10

Obstruents

Answer 10

Stops, fricatives, and affricates produced with an obstruction of the airflow

Question 11

Sonorants

Answer 11

Segments produced with a relatively open passage for the airflow

Question 12

Nasal Place Assimilation

Answer 12

An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant

Question 13

Flapping

Answer 13

An alveolar stop is realized as [r] when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel

Question 14

Maximally Distinct

Answer 14

The consonants have very few qualities in common with the vowels, and the vowels are likewise very different from the consonants

Question 15

Distribution

Answer 15

Determining the set of phonetic environments that can occur for each sound in question

Question 16

Near-Minimal Pairs

Answer 16

A pair of words differing in meaning but phonetically identical except for the one sound

Question 17

Sibilant

Answer 17

Segment that have high-pitched, hissing sound quality

Question 18

Assimilation

Answer 18

Cause a sound or gesture to become more like a neighboring sound or gesture with respect to some phonetic property

Question 19

Dissimilation

Answer 19

Cause two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar with respect to some property, by means of a change in one or both sounds

Question 20

Manner Dissimilation

Answer 20

A stop becomes a fricatives when followed by another stop

Question 21

Insertion

Answer 21

Cause.a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word

Question 22

Voiceless Stop Insertion

Answer 22

Between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative, a voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted

Question 23

Metathesis

Answer 23

When three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonant trades places with the preceding vowel

Question 24

Aspiration

Answer 24

Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable

Question 25

Strengthening

Answer 25

Make sounds stronger