Phonetics Ch. 2 Flashcards
Monophthongs
Simple vowels composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract
Diphthongs
Single vowels; the sequence of 2 configurations acts as the nucleus to a single syllable
Articulation (Articulatory Gesture)
The motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound
Voicing Bar
On a spectrogram can indicate whether vocal fold vibrations are present in sound
Stops (Plosives)
The release of built-up air pressure when the constriction is opened
Fricatives
The small opening through which the air escapes, and as a result a turbulent noise is produced
Affricates
Complex sounds made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that friction noise is produced
Nasals
Produced by relaxing the velum and lowering it, thus opening the nasal passage to the vocal tract
Approximants
Like all consonants, involve constriction of the vocal tract; the constrictions are to narrow enough to block the vocal tract or to cause turbulence
Liquids
Formed wit slightly more constriction than glides and quality changes depending on where they occur in a word
Glides
Made with only a slight closure of articulators and require some movement of the articulators during production
Nasaled Vowel
Nearly identical to its oral vowel counterpart only the velum is lowered and the nasal passage is open letting air escape through the nose as well as mouth
Suprasegmental
Ride on top of other segmental features and are different in that it is often difficult to identify the quality if you hear just a single segment
Intonation
The pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech
Pitch Accent
Usually involve a change in fundamental frequency in the middle of an utterance
