Synovial joints Flashcards
what are immovable joints
Synarthrosis
give an example of a synarthrosis joint
between cranial bones
what are slightly movable joints
Amphiarthrosis
what are the properties of an amphiarthrosis joints and give an example
osseos surfaces connected by fibrocartilage discs
ex) intervertebral disc between vertebrae
What is a synovial joint
Diarthrosis
freely movable
what are the features of a synovial joint
articular cartilage covering the bone ends
joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
synovial membrane that encases the joint
ligaments, tendons
what is a meniscus
cartilage pad between the joint made of collagen 1
has an outer edge of vascularisation and innervation
what is a bursae
fluid filled structure between tendon and bone to remove friction
name the cartilage in articular joints
hyaline cartilage
what is the function of chondrocytes
synthesis and secrete cartilage extracellular matrix
ex) collagens and proteoglycans
and produce enzymes and cytokines
how can you identify hyaline cartilage histology
purple stain due to chondrocyte nucleus
what is found within elastic cartilage
chondrocytes
elastic fibres
type 2 collagen
what cartilage are amphiarthrosis joints made of
fibrocartilage
where is the periochondrion found
between chondrocytes and extracellular matrix
what makes up a proteoglycan
protein + negatively charged glycosaminoglycans
what cartilage type to chondrocytes make up the majority of
hyaline
how do chondrocytes communicate
attach to extracellular matrix with integrins
what makes up the extracellular matrix
proteoglycans (for rigidity)
collagen fibres
attachment proteins
name the different zones of growth plate growth
resting zone
proliferative zone
prehypertrophic zone
hypertrophic zone
trabecular bone
what occurs in the hypertrophic zone
bone growth - matrix begins to mineralise
what is synovium
joint capsule
encloses the joint preventing synovial fluid from leaking out
what are the layers of the joint capsule made of
outer made of collagen 1
inner made of synoviocytes
what is synovial membrane
inner layer of the joint capsule
what secreted synovial fluid
synoviocytes
what is the function of synovial fluid
lubricate the joints and provide the joint with nutrients
what is the function of the meniscus
stabilise the joint
what is the hoop stress mechanism
how the fibres are arranged around the meniscus to minimise the force pushed upon it (spread the force out)
what is the interphase between cartilage and bone
tidemark
what is the main type of collagen found in tendons
type 1
name the connective tissue surrounding bundles in a tendon
endo tendon
what is the function of ligaments
prevent the joint from moving too much
describe how cartilage is nourished
plasma from blood and synovial fluid flow to the articular cartilage matrix and nutrients (water) gets trapped, then flows into the cavity and then leaves (constant flow)
