Muscle Basics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different types of muscle

A

smooth
skeletal
cardiac

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2
Q

which muscle type is striated

A

skeletal (voluntary)

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3
Q

what is the collective name for the connective tissue in and around the muscle

A

fascia
(endo-, peri-, epi-mysium)

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4
Q

how are muscles attached to bone

A

tendon - collagen fibres continue as sharpey fibres connect to the periosteum

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5
Q

why are muscles singly innervated

A

better coordinated muscle contraction

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6
Q

what is the composition of a tendon

A

bundle of regularly arranged collagen fibres (primary, secondary, tertiary)

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7
Q

what are tendon sheaths and bursae

A

sacs/tubes containing cavities filled with synovial fluid and synovial lining

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8
Q

what is the function of tendon bursae

A

prevent friction between skin, muscle, tendon, bone

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9
Q

what is the function of a tendon sheath

A

allow frictionless movement of tendon over bone and under retinaculum

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10
Q

what is the retinaculum

A

extension of the fascia that holds tendons in place

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11
Q

what holds bone to bone

A

ligaments

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12
Q

what creates the different ligament colours

A

white is collagen rich
yellow elastic fibre rich

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13
Q

what does the force a muscle can generate depend on

A

fibres in parallel
force is proportional to the muscle cross section

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14
Q

what are pennate muscles

A

muscles where fibres offset from muscle line

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15
Q

what are parallel muscles

A

densly packed fibres
0 degrees to the line of action

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16
Q

what are the different types of skeletal muscle in order of offset fibre lines

A

strap
spindle
pennate
bipennate

17
Q

what is the midline of the muscle called

A

linea alba

18
Q

what is muscle shortening called

A

concentric contraction

19
Q

what is eccentric contraction

A

muscle lengthening

20
Q

what is it called when the muscle stays the same length

A

isometric contracting

21
Q

what are the muscles in an antagonistic pair

A

agonist - prime mover
antagonist - does opposing mover

22
Q

what are synergists muscles

A

muscles that help modify the agonist without contributing to the action

23
Q

what are the muscle attachment points

A

origin
insertion

24
Q

what is the moment arm

A

the perpendicular distance from the joint

25
which moment arm needs less force and why
larger moment arm (muscle further away from the joint) as there is more leverage
26
which moment arm needs more force
shorter momentum arm
27
what is type 1 muscle
slow oxidative
28
what is type 2 muscle
2a is fast oxidative 2b is fast glycolytic
29
how can you recognise oxidative fibres (red muscle)
myoglobin firbres many mitochondria good capillary supply
30
what is white muscle
fast twitch (fast glycolytric)
31
how are muscles named
number of heads body location fibres action