Muscle Basics Flashcards
what are the different types of muscle
smooth
skeletal
cardiac
which muscle type is striated
skeletal (voluntary)
what is the collective name for the connective tissue in and around the muscle
fascia
(endo-, peri-, epi-mysium)
how are muscles attached to bone
tendon - collagen fibres continue as sharpey fibres connect to the periosteum
why are muscles singly innervated
better coordinated muscle contraction
what is the composition of a tendon
bundle of regularly arranged collagen fibres (primary, secondary, tertiary)
what are tendon sheaths and bursae
sacs/tubes containing cavities filled with synovial fluid and synovial lining
what is the function of tendon bursae
prevent friction between skin, muscle, tendon, bone
what is the function of a tendon sheath
allow frictionless movement of tendon over bone and under retinaculum
what is the retinaculum
extension of the fascia that holds tendons in place
what holds bone to bone
ligaments
what creates the different ligament colours
white is collagen rich
yellow elastic fibre rich
what does the force a muscle can generate depend on
fibres in parallel
force is proportional to the muscle cross section
what are pennate muscles
muscles where fibres offset from muscle line
what are parallel muscles
densly packed fibres
0 degrees to the line of action
what are the different types of skeletal muscle in order of offset fibre lines
strap
spindle
pennate
bipennate
what is the midline of the muscle called
linea alba
what is muscle shortening called
concentric contraction
what is eccentric contraction
muscle lengthening
what is it called when the muscle stays the same length
isometric contracting
what are the muscles in an antagonistic pair
agonist - prime mover
antagonist - does opposing mover
what are synergists muscles
muscles that help modify the agonist without contributing to the action
what are the muscle attachment points
origin
insertion
what is the moment arm
the perpendicular distance from the joint
which moment arm needs less force and why
larger moment arm (muscle further away from the joint) as there is more leverage
which moment arm needs more force
shorter momentum arm
what is type 1 muscle
slow oxidative
what is type 2 muscle
2a is fast oxidative
2b is fast glycolytic
how can you recognise oxidative fibres (red muscle)
myoglobin firbres
many mitochondria
good capillary supply
what is white muscle
fast twitch (fast glycolytric)
how are muscles named
number of heads
body location
fibres
action
