musculoskeletal histology

Question 1

name the 4 basic tissue types

Answer 1

connective tissue
epithelial
muscle
nervous

Question 2

what is the function of connective tissue

Answer 2

binds and supports other tissues

Question 3

what makes up the extracellular matrix

Answer 3

glycoproteins, glucosaminoglycans, interstitial fluid

Question 4

what are the properties of collagenous fibres

Answer 4

strong, flexible, stretch resistant

Question 5

what are reticular fibres made of

Answer 5

type 3 collagen

Question 6

what are elastic fibres made of

Answer 6

elastin

Question 7

what gives muscles the ability to contract

Answer 7

myofilaments

Question 8

which muscle types of striated

Answer 8

skeletal
cardiac

Question 9

what is the function of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

voluntary contraction

Question 10

what surrounds muscle

Answer 10

epimysium (collagen fascia)

Question 11

what is a fascicle

Answer 11

bundle of myocytes (muscle fibres)

Question 12

what surrounds the fascicle

Answer 12

perimysium

Question 13

what surround muscle fibres

Answer 13

endomysium

Question 14

what are the properties of type 1 skeletal muscle fibres

Answer 14

slow twitch
lots of capillaries and mitochondria

Question 15

what are the properties of type 2 skeletal muscle

Answer 15

fast twitch
fewer mitochondria and myoglobin

Question 16

what are the type 2 skeletal muscle subgroups

Answer 16

2a - oxidative
2b - glycolytic
2c - intermediate

Question 17

what line marks the end of the sarcomere

Answer 17

Z line

Question 18

what is the Z line composed of

Answer 18

actin

Question 19

what is the M line composed of and where does it lie in the sarcomere

Answer 19

myosin
in the middle

Question 20

what is the H band composed of and where does it lie

Answer 20

myosin
middle (around M line)

Question 21

what is the I band made of, where does it lie

Answer 21

actin
around Z line

Question 22

what is the A band composed of, where does it lie

Answer 22

actin and myosin
spands the sarcomere between I bands

Question 23

what is the function of smooth muscle

Answer 23

involuntary contraction

Question 24

how do smooth muscle contractions differ to skeletal

Answer 24

more elastic, more sustained

Question 25

What are the components of bone

Answer 25

inorganic hydroxyapatite matrix organic glycosaminoglycans + collagen 1 fibrils

Question 26

what are bone stem cells

Answer 26

osteogenic cells

Question 27

what produces osteoid (bone matrix)

Answer 27

osteoblasts

Question 28

can osteoblasts divide

Answer 28

no

Question 29

which cells maintain the matrix

Answer 29

osteocytes

Question 30

what is the osteoclast lineage

Answer 30

from haematopoietic cells

Question 31

how can you identify osteoclasts on histology

Answer 31

multinucleated

Question 32

can osteoclasts divide

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what is woven bone

Answer 33

immature bone many osteocytes

Question 34

what is lamellar bone

Answer 34

mature made or organised collagen fibres can be compact or trabecular

Question 35

what is the main structural unit of compact bone

Answer 35

osteon (pillar like)

Question 36

do trabecular bone have central canals

Answer 36

no

Question 37

what lines cartilage

Answer 37

perichondrium

Question 38

what cells are found in cartilaginous extracellular matrix

Answer 38

chondroblasts

Question 39

where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 39

vertebral skeleton epiphyseal disks joints ribs nose larynx trachea growth plates

Question 40

where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 40

external ear epiglottis larynx

Question 41

where is fibrocartilage found

Answer 41

intervertebral discs joint capsule ligaments

Question 42

name the line left by the growth plate

Answer 42

epiphyseal line

Question 43

what occurs in the zone of cartilage

Answer 43

cells provided for proliferating layer

Question 44

describe the zone of proliferation

Answer 44

dividing chondroytes form collums

Question 45

what occurs in the zone of hypertrophy

Answer 45

chondrocytes swell and due to lack of vascularisation

Question 46

what occurs in the Zone of Ossification

Answer 46

matrix is mineralised and osteoblasts produce osteoid