musculoskeletal histology Flashcards
name the 4 basic tissue types
connective tissue
epithelial
muscle
nervous
what is the function of connective tissue
binds and supports other tissues
what makes up the extracellular matrix
glycoproteins, glucosaminoglycans, interstitial fluid
what are the properties of collagenous fibres
strong, flexible, stretch resistant
what are reticular fibres made of
type 3 collagen
what are elastic fibres made of
elastin
what gives muscles the ability to contract
myofilaments
which muscle types of striated
skeletal
cardiac
what is the function of skeletal muscle
voluntary contraction
what surrounds muscle
epimysium (collagen fascia)
what is a fascicle
bundle of myocytes (muscle fibres)
what surrounds the fascicle
perimysium
what surround muscle fibres
endomysium
what are the properties of type 1 skeletal muscle fibres
slow twitch
lots of capillaries and mitochondria
what are the properties of type 2 skeletal muscle
fast twitch
fewer mitochondria and myoglobin
what are the type 2 skeletal muscle subgroups
2a - oxidative
2b - glycolytic
2c - intermediate
what line marks the end of the sarcomere
Z line
what is the Z line composed of
actin
what is the M line composed of and where does it lie in the sarcomere
myosin
in the middle
what is the H band composed of and where does it lie
myosin
middle (around M line)
what is the I band made of, where does it lie
actin
around Z line
what is the A band composed of, where does it lie
actin and myosin
spands the sarcomere between I bands
what is the function of smooth muscle
involuntary contraction
how do smooth muscle contractions differ to skeletal
more elastic, more sustained
What are the components of bone
inorganic hydroxyapatite matrix
organic glycosaminoglycans + collagen 1 fibrils
what are bone stem cells
osteogenic cells
what produces osteoid (bone matrix)
osteoblasts
can osteoblasts divide
no
which cells maintain the matrix
osteocytes
what is the osteoclast lineage
from haematopoietic cells
how can you identify osteoclasts on histology
multinucleated
can osteoclasts divide
no
what is woven bone
immature bone
many osteocytes
what is lamellar bone
mature
made or organised collagen fibres
can be compact or trabecular
what is the main structural unit of compact bone
osteon (pillar like)
do trabecular bone have central canals
no
what lines cartilage
perichondrium
what cells are found in cartilaginous extracellular matrix
chondroblasts
where is hyaline cartilage found
vertebral skeleton
epiphyseal disks
joints
ribs
nose
larynx
trachea
growth plates
where is elastic cartilage found
external ear
epiglottis
larynx
where is fibrocartilage found
intervertebral discs
joint capsule
ligaments
name the line left by the growth plate
epiphyseal line
what occurs in the zone of cartilage
cells provided for proliferating layer
describe the zone of proliferation
dividing chondroytes form collums
what occurs in the zone of hypertrophy
chondrocytes swell and due to lack of vascularisation
what occurs in the Zone of Ossification
matrix is mineralised and osteoblasts produce osteoid
