Anatomy of Joints and Ligaments Flashcards
what are the different structural classifications of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
what is an immovable joint
synarthrosis
what is a slightly movable joint
Amphiarthrosis
what is a freely movable joint
Diarthrosis
what is rotation to midline
adduction
what is rotation away from midline
abduction
what is internal rotation
pronation
what is external rotation
supination
what is bending and straightening
flexure and extension
what is circumduction
rotation of both flexure/ extension and Abduction/adduction
describe a plane joint
translation of flat surface
describe hinge joint
single plane rotation
describe a pivot joint
single rotation
describe a condular joint
rotation and translation
describe an ellipsoidal joint
rotation and translation on 2 planes
describe a saddle joint
rotation and translation
describe a ball and socket joint
rotation along 3-6 axis
name the ball and socket shoulder joint
glenohumeral
what is the function of collateral ligaments, which joints don’t have them
provide support to the joint for flexure/extension. Prevent too much movement.
Ball and socket joints don’t have them
what is a bicipital groove
dip between bumps of humerus (proximal end)
name the elbow joint and what type is i?
humeroradioulnar joint
hinge
what is articular surface of the humerus
humeral condyle
what joins the radius and ulner
proximal radioulner joint
what is the function of the annular ligament
attaches to head or radius and ulner - allows radius rotation
name the joint between the radius/ulner and proximal carpal bones
antebrachiocarpal joint
name the joint between proximal and distal carpal bones
middle carpal joint
name the joint between the distal carpal and metacarpal bones
carpometacarpal joint
what joints are in between individual carpal bones
intercarpal joint
what joints are in between metacarpal bones
intermetacarpal joint
what ligaments are between individual carpal bones
intercarpal joint
name the joint between proximal metacarpal and proximal phalanges and what type
metacarpalphalangeal joint
hinge
what joints are between proximal and middle phalanges
proximal interphalangeal
what joints are between middle and distal phalanges
distal interphalangeal
name the joint between the wing of the pelvic ileum and sacrum and what type is it
sacroiliac
cartilaginous and synovial
where do sacroiliac ligaments lie in dogs
1st caudal vertebrae to ishiatic tuberosity
how do sacroiliac ligamenys differ in horses and cows
span across the pelvis forming a sheath
what is the connection of the hip bones and what type of joint
pelvic symphysis
fibrocartiliginous
name the hip joint, what type
coxofemoral joint
ball and socket
how is the coxofemoral joint stabilised
femoral ligaments
name the stifle joint between the trochlear of the femur and patella
femoropatellar
name the stifle joint between the femoral condyles and the tibia
tibiofemoral joint
what is the function of femoropatellar ligaments
attach patella to femur
what ligaments stabilise the knee
cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments
how many patella ligaments do large animals have, and why
3 (lateral intemediate, medial)
to lock the knee so can stand without using muscle
what is the groove at the base of the femur
femoral trochlea
how can horses lock their knees
have a parapatella fibrocartilage that attaches to medial patella ligament
