Anatomy of Joints and Ligaments

Question 1

what are the different structural classifications of joints

Answer 1

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 2

what is an immovable joint

Answer 2

synarthrosis

Question 3

what is a slightly movable joint

Answer 3

Amphiarthrosis

Question 4

what is a freely movable joint

Answer 4

Diarthrosis

Question 5

what is rotation to midline

Answer 5

adduction

Question 6

what is rotation away from midline

Answer 6

abduction

Question 7

what is internal rotation

Answer 7

pronation

Question 8

what is external rotation

Answer 8

supination

Question 9

what is bending and straightening

Answer 9

flexure and extension

Question 10

what is circumduction

Answer 10

rotation of both flexure/ extension and Abduction/adduction

Question 11

describe a plane joint

Answer 11

translation of flat surface

Question 12

describe hinge joint

Answer 12

single plane rotation

Question 13

describe a pivot joint

Answer 13

single rotation

Question 14

describe a condular joint

Answer 14

rotation and translation

Question 15

describe an ellipsoidal joint

Answer 15

rotation and translation on 2 planes

Question 16

describe a saddle joint

Answer 16

rotation and translation

Question 17

describe a ball and socket joint

Answer 17

rotation along 3-6 axis

Question 18

name the ball and socket shoulder joint

Answer 18

glenohumeral

Question 19

what is the function of collateral ligaments, which joints don’t have them

Answer 19

provide support to the joint for flexure/extension. Prevent too much movement.
Ball and socket joints don’t have them

Question 20

what is a bicipital groove

Answer 20

dip between bumps of humerus (proximal end)

Question 21

name the elbow joint and what type is i?

Answer 21

humeroradioulnar joint
hinge

Question 22

what is articular surface of the humerus

Answer 22

humeral condyle

Question 23

what joins the radius and ulner

Answer 23

proximal radioulner joint

Question 24

what is the function of the annular ligament

Answer 24

attaches to head or radius and ulner - allows radius rotation

Question 25

name the joint between the radius/ulner and proximal carpal bones

Answer 25

antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 26

name the joint between proximal and distal carpal bones

Answer 26

middle carpal joint

Question 27

name the joint between the distal carpal and metacarpal bones

Answer 27

carpometacarpal joint

Question 28

what joints are in between individual carpal bones

Answer 28

intercarpal joint

Question 29

what joints are in between metacarpal bones

Answer 29

intermetacarpal joint

Question 30

what ligaments are between individual carpal bones

Answer 30

intercarpal joint

Question 31

name the joint between proximal metacarpal and proximal phalanges and what type

Answer 31

metacarpalphalangeal joint hinge

Question 32

what joints are between proximal and middle phalanges

Answer 32

proximal interphalangeal

Question 33

what joints are between middle and distal phalanges

Answer 33

distal interphalangeal

Question 34

name the joint between the wing of the pelvic ileum and sacrum and what type is it

Answer 34

sacroiliac cartilaginous and synovial

Question 35

where do sacroiliac ligaments lie in dogs

Answer 35

1st caudal vertebrae to ishiatic tuberosity

Question 36

how do sacroiliac ligamenys differ in horses and cows

Answer 36

span across the pelvis forming a sheath

Question 37

what is the connection of the hip bones and what type of joint

Answer 37

pelvic symphysis fibrocartiliginous

Question 38

name the hip joint, what type

Answer 38

coxofemoral joint ball and socket

Question 39

how is the coxofemoral joint stabilised

Answer 39

femoral ligaments

Question 40

name the stifle joint between the trochlear of the femur and patella

Answer 40

femoropatellar

Question 41

name the stifle joint between the femoral condyles and the tibia

Answer 41

tibiofemoral joint

Question 42

what is the function of femoropatellar ligaments

Answer 42

attach patella to femur

Question 43

what ligaments stabilise the knee

Answer 43

cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments

Question 44

how many patella ligaments do large animals have, and why

Answer 44

3 (lateral intemediate, medial) to lock the knee so can stand without using muscle

Question 45

what is the groove at the base of the femur

Answer 45

femoral trochlea

Question 46

how can horses lock their knees

Answer 46

have a parapatella fibrocartilage that attaches to medial patella ligament