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Y1 Cardiovascular > Syncope > Flashcards

Syncope Flashcards

1
Q

what does TLOC stand for?

A

transient loss of consciousness

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2
Q

what is TLOC?

A

a state of loss of consciousness that only lasts a short duration

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3
Q

name four causes of TLOC

A

head trauma
syncope
epileptic seizures
TLOC mimics

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4
Q

what does the initial evaluation of a patient with TLOC involve?

A

careful history
full physical exam
orthostatic BP
12 lead ECG

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5
Q

what is syncope?

A

transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion

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6
Q

what are the three categories of syncope?

A

reflex syncope
orthostatic hypotension
cardiac syncope

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7
Q

what is reflex syncope?

A

syncope in which neural reflexes modify heart rate and vascular tone, resulting in a fall in MAP = hypoperfusion

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8
Q

what are the three types of reflex syncope?

A

vasovagal syncope (VVS)
situational syncope
carotid sinus syncope (CSS)

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9
Q

what is the most common type of syncope?

A

vasovagal syncope

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10
Q

what triggers vasovagal syncope?

A

emotional or orthostatic stress

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11
Q

what is VVS associated with?

A

pallor
sweating
nausea

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12
Q

what can be done to avert VVS?

A

adopting horizontal gravity neutralising position

leg crossing

these both increase venous return

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13
Q

what is the main risk associated with VVS?

A

injury when falling

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14
Q

what is situational syncope?

A

faint during/immediately after a specific trigger i.e. cough, swallow etc.

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15
Q

how is situational syncope treated?

A

treat cause if possible
lie down if expecting faint
hydration
cardiac pacing

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16
Q

what triggers carotid sinus syncope?

A

mechanical manipulation of the neck i.e. tight collar

17
Q

what is recommended for CSS?

A

cardiac permanent pacing

18
Q

what causes postural hypotension?

A

failure of baroreceptor response to gravitational shifts in blood when standing up from lying down

19
Q

what is another name for postural hypotension?

A

orthostatic hypotension

20
Q

what causes cardiac syncope?

A

a cardiac event that causes a sudden drop in CO

21
Q

name three things that may cause cardiac syncope

A

arrhythmias
acute MI
valve disease

Y1 Cardiovascular (22 decks)

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