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Y1 Cardiovascular > Anatomy - The Heart > Flashcards

Anatomy - The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

where do the phrenic nerves descend relative to the hilum?

A

anteriorly

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2
Q

where do the vagus nerves descend relative to the hilum?

A

posteriorly

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3
Q

what covers the anterior surface of the heart?

A

epicardium

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4
Q

what is another name for the epicardium?

A

visceral serous pericardium

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5
Q

what are the two types of pericardium?

A

serous

fibrous

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6
Q

what are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

A

visceral (in contact with the heart)

parietal (in contact with the fibrous pericardium)

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7
Q

where is the pericardial cavity located and what does it contain?

A

between the two layers of serous pericardium

pericardial fluid

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8
Q

what internally lines the fibrous pericardium?

A

the parietal serous pericardium

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9
Q

what is haemopericardium?

A

when the pericardial cavity fills with blood

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10
Q

what is pericardiocentesis?

A

the drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity

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11
Q

where is the needle inserted for pericardiocentesis?

A

via the infrasternal angle, superposteriorly into the pericardial cavity

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12
Q

where is the transverse pericardial sinus located?

A

in the pericardial cavity, posterosuperiorly

posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

what area is used to identify and isolate the great vessels during cardiac surgery?

A

the transverse pericardial sinus

finger emerges anterior to the SVC

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14
Q

what does the pulmonary trunk divide into?

A

the right and left pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

what are the three clinically important surfaces of the heart?

A

anterior (aka sternocostal)
base (aka posterior)
inferior (aka diaphragmatic)

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16
Q

what are the four clinically important borders of the heart?

A

right
left
inferior
superior

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17
Q

where is the apex of the heart found?

A

fifth left intercostal space, midclavicular line

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18
Q

what effect can cardiomegaly have on the apex of the heart?

A

shift it to the left

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19
Q

where is the right coronary artery found?

A

the coronary groove

20
Q

what is the coronary groove the surface marking for?

A

the tricuspid valve

also the boundary between RA + RV

21
Q

what are the three nerves that run near the heart from medial to lateral?

A

recurrent pharyngeal
vagus
phrenic

22
Q

what forms the SVC?

A

the left and right brachiocephalic veins

23
Q

what forms the brachiocephalic veins?

A

the internal jugular and subclavian veins

24
Q

what is the posterior interventricular artery a branch of and where is it located?

A

right coronary artery

posterior interventricular groove

25
Q

what indicates the boundary between the two ventricles on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?

A

the posterior interventricular groove

26
Q

what indicates the boundary between the two atria?

A

the interatrial groove

27
Q

what makes up most of the base of the heart?

A

the left atrium

28
Q

what separates the base and diaphragmatic surfaces of the heart?

A

the coronary sinus

29
Q

what do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

the ascending aorta

30
Q

what is the first branch of the aorta?

A

mainstem coronary arteries

31
Q

where is the left mainstem coronary artery found?

A

in the left atrioventricular groove, between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle

32
Q

where is the right coronary artery located?

A

coronary groove

33
Q

what are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

right marginal artery

posterior interventricular artery

34
Q

which is longer - the right or left coronary artery?

35
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

circumflex
LAD
left marginal artery
lateral branch

36
Q

what is the coronary sinus?

A

a short venous conduit that recieves deoxygenated blood from cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

37
Q

where is the coronary sinus located?

A

the atrioventricular groove posteriorly

38
Q

what are the three openings in the right atrium for?

A

SVC
IVC
coronary sinus

39
Q

what is the oval fossa?

A

a depression in the septum in the RA

marks where the foetal foramen ovale was

40
Q

what divides the rough and smooth parts of the RA?

A

the crista terminalis

41
Q

what is the role of the heart valves?

A

ensure unidirectional flow of blood

42
Q

what are the four valves of teh heart?

A

pulmonary
mitral
aortic
tricuspid

43
Q

where is the aortic valve auscultated?

A

2nd right ICS sternal edge

44
Q

where is the tricuspid valve auscultated?

A

4th left ICS sternal edge

45
Q

where is the pulmonary valve auscultated?

A

2nd left ICS sternal edge

46
Q

where is the mitral valve auscultated?

A

5th left ICS midclavicular line

Y1 Cardiovascular (22 decks)

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