Sync Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the joints associated with the shoulder complex?
AC
SC
GH
Scapulothoracic
What is the resting position (open packed) of the glenohumeral joint?
55° abduction
30° horizontal adduction
What is the closed packed position of the glenohumeral joint?
Full abduction and full lateral rotation
What is meant by an open packed position?
Most play in the joint
What is the capsular pattern of the glenohumeral joint?
Lateral rotation
Abduction
Medial rotation
What is a common pathology of the shoulder where the capsule is the culprit?
Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)
What movement is convex on concave in a joint?
Opposite directions
What is the movement in the joint of shoulder abduction?
Convex on concave (rolls superiorly, glides inferiorly)
What is the movement in the joint of external rotation and extension?
Convex on concave (anterior glide, posterior roll)
What is the movement of the shoulder in the joint during internal rotation and flexion?
Convex on concave (posterior glide, anterior roll)
What is the resting position of the scapula?
Medial border of scapula is 5 cm from vertebrae
Upward rotation 5-10°
Internally rotated 30-45°
Anteriorly tipped 10-20°
What are some things that cause the scapula to not sit normal?
Weakness of muscles (serratus anterior)
Shortened muscles (pec minor)
What type of joint is the AC joint?
Planar
What type of joint is the SC joint?
Saddle
When does the AC joint contribute to movement?
At the end of shoulder motion
What direction does the AC joint go in?
Any direction
What direction does the SC joint go in?
Elevation (convex on concave)
Protract and retract (concave on convex)
What does the clavicle do as a whole when you raise your arm?
Moves superior
What is the ROM of shoulder flexion and abduction?
180°
(GH-120°)
(Scapulothroacic-60°)
What is the primary muscle activity for shoulder flexion and abduction?
Rotator cuff deltoid force couple
Scapulothoracic force couple
What do the rotator cuff muscles do to the humeral head?
Hold it in the glenoid fossa and pull inferiorly
What nerve innervates the levator scapulae and rhomboids?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What is the action of the levator scapulae and rhomboids on the scapula?
Downward rotation
What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve
What is the action of the upper trap, lower trap, and serratus anterior?
Raises the arm (shoulder abduction)
What is a primary impingement?
Due to anatomy (hooked acromion)
What is a secondary impingement injury?
Weakness of rotator cuff
Scapula position
What movement must occur in the scapula to avoid pinching under the acromion?
Upward rotation
Why does a rotator cuff tear lead to an impingement?
Humerus head is not being pulled down and has increased superior glide
What is a common disorder that comes along with adhesive capsulitis?
Diabetes
What are the stages of adhesive capsulitis?
Pre-freezing stage
Freezing stage
Frozen stage
Thawing stage
What is the pre-freezing stage?
Limited ROM and pain at 0-3 months
What is the freezing stage?
Severely restricted ROM and pain at 3-9 months
What is the frozen stage?
Severe stiffness and minimal pain at 9-15 months
What is the thawing stage?
Improving ROM and minimal pain
How does the clavicle glide on the sternum during scapular elevation?
Inferiorly
A patient has OA and degeneration on their ACJ which causes pain to occur with compressive loads, which position would most likely provoke these symptoms?
90° abduction
What is affected when someone gets a + sulcus sign (limits inferior translation)?
Superior GH ligament
What is the best treatment option for someone with adhesive capsulitis?
Corticosteroid injection combined with PT
What are some tests used to assess shoulder pain?
SPADI and DASH (higher score=higher disability)
