Symptoms Flashcards
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and catatonic behavior (creepy stuff)
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Loss of interest, flat effect, alogia (poverty of speech), avolition (decreased motivation)
What is the flat effect and where is it found
Reduced ability to express emotion, found in schizophrenia
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Loss of memory, can’t learn new things, difficultly understanding others
Phases of schizophrenia
Prodromal (negative symptoms) then active (positive symptoms) then residual (cognitive symptoms)
Mania and hypomania symptoms
DIG FAST
D - distractibility
I - impulsivity
G - grandiosity
F - flight of ideas
A - activity increase
S - sleep deficit/changes
T- Talkativeness
Anterior cerebral artery stroke
Why does anterior cerebral artery stroke cause lower extremities motor and sensory ooss and is it contralateral or ipsilateral?
ACA supplies medial motor cortex and medial somatosensory cortex which supplies lower extremities and because it is an upper motor lesion it is contralateral
Why does MCA stroke cause contralateral face, arm and (sometimes leg but more so arm) motor and sensory loss
Because the lateral motor cortex and lateral somatosensory cortex is supplied by MCA
Symptoms of middle cerebral artery stroke
Symptoms of posterior cerebral artery stroke
Mnemonic for depression (DSM-5)
SIGECAPS
3 types of symptoms of GAD
Psychological, Physical and Behavioural
What is Yerkes-Dodson law
Stress affects performance,
Low stress/arousal= low performance
Medium stress/arousal = optimal performance
High stress/arousal = impaired performance
Mnemonic for Parkinson’s disease
Face TRAPS
Face - flat face (hypomimia) reduced facial expression leading to “masked” face where the person appears less expressive or emotionless
T - tremor (resting tremor)
R - rigidity (cogwheel regidity)
A - Akinesia (bradykinesia)
P - postural instability (balance problems resulting in difficulty maintaining an upright posture)
S - shuffling gait
Symptoms of huntington disease
Chorea: purposeless dance-like movements
Athetosis: slow “snake-like” movements
Both of which stop only in sleep
Abnormal eye movements
Poor coordination
Dementia
Personality changes
Depression
If enough striatal neurons die can cause brain tissue loss so lateral ventricles get bigger
Presentation of schizophrenia
- Confusion, disorientation, getting lost in familiar places
- difficulty planning or making decisions
- difficulty with self care
- problems with speech and language
- personality changes
- low mood / anxiety
Different types of Alzheimer’s disease and their percentage
Sporadic Alzheimer’s (90-95%)
Familial Alzheimer’s (5-10%)
Describe sporadic Alzheimer’s
- has late onset
- exact cause isn’t fully defined
- incidence increases with age
- combinations of genetic and environmental risk factors
- involves having the APOE e4 gene as it is a risk factor and inheriting 1 or 2 of the gene can increase chances of you getting AD
Describe Familial Alzheimer’s disease
- also known as early onset AD
- used to describe when a dominant gene is inherited that speeds up the progression of the disease
- can be caused by serves gene mutations:
- PSEN 1 and 2 gene
- trisomy 21 includes having two APP genes
