Symptoms

Question 1

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 1

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and catatonic behavior (creepy stuff)

Question 2

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 2

Loss of interest, flat effect, alogia (poverty of speech), avolition (decreased motivation)

Question 3

What is the flat effect and where is it found

Answer 3

Reduced ability to express emotion, found in schizophrenia

Question 4

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 4

Loss of memory, can’t learn new things, difficultly understanding others

Question 5

Phases of schizophrenia

Answer 5

Prodromal (negative symptoms) then active (positive symptoms) then residual (cognitive symptoms)

Question 6

Mania and hypomania symptoms

Answer 6

DIG FAST
D - distractibility
I - impulsivity
G - grandiosity
F - flight of ideas
A - activity increase
S - sleep deficit/changes
T- Talkativeness

Question 7

Anterior cerebral artery stroke

Answer 7

Question 8

Why does anterior cerebral artery stroke cause lower extremities motor and sensory ooss and is it contralateral or ipsilateral?

Answer 8

ACA supplies medial motor cortex and medial somatosensory cortex which supplies lower extremities and because it is an upper motor lesion it is contralateral

Question 9

Why does MCA stroke cause contralateral face, arm and (sometimes leg but more so arm) motor and sensory loss

Answer 9

Because the lateral motor cortex and lateral somatosensory cortex is supplied by MCA

Question 10

Symptoms of middle cerebral artery stroke

Answer 10

Question 11

Symptoms of posterior cerebral artery stroke

Answer 11

Question 12

Mnemonic for depression (DSM-5)

Answer 12

SIGECAPS

Question 13

3 types of symptoms of GAD

Answer 13

Psychological, Physical and Behavioural

Question 14

What is Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 14

Stress affects performance,

Low stress/arousal= low performance

Medium stress/arousal = optimal performance

High stress/arousal = impaired performance

Question 15

Mnemonic for Parkinson’s disease

Answer 15

Face TRAPS
Face - flat face (hypomimia) reduced facial expression leading to “masked” face where the person appears less expressive or emotionless
T - tremor (resting tremor)
R - rigidity (cogwheel regidity)
A - Akinesia (bradykinesia)
P - postural instability (balance problems resulting in difficulty maintaining an upright posture)
S - shuffling gait

Question 16

Symptoms of huntington disease

Answer 16

Chorea: purposeless dance-like movements

Athetosis: slow “snake-like” movements

Both of which stop only in sleep

Abnormal eye movements
Poor coordination
Dementia
Personality changes
Depression
If enough striatal neurons die can cause brain tissue loss so lateral ventricles get bigger

Question 17

Presentation of schizophrenia

Answer 17

• Confusion, disorientation, getting lost in familiar places
• difficulty planning or making decisions
• difficulty with self care
• problems with speech and language
• personality changes
• low mood / anxiety

Question 18

Different types of Alzheimer’s disease and their percentage

Answer 18

Sporadic Alzheimer’s (90-95%)
Familial Alzheimer’s (5-10%)

Question 19

Describe sporadic Alzheimer’s

Answer 19

• has late onset
• exact cause isn’t fully defined
• incidence increases with age
• combinations of genetic and environmental risk factors
• involves having the APOE e4 gene as it is a risk factor and inheriting 1 or 2 of the gene can increase chances of you getting AD

Question 20

Describe Familial Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 20

• also known as early onset AD
• used to describe when a dominant gene is inherited that speeds up the progression of the disease
• can be caused by serves gene mutations:
• PSEN 1 and 2 gene
• trisomy 21 includes having two APP genes