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Semester 3 > Muscles of Hip and Leg > Flashcards

Muscles of Hip and Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

O: Posterior illeum, sacrum and coccyx
I: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
A: Extends the thigh and laterally rotates
I: Inferior gluteal nerve

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2
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: posterior ileum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip joint
I: Superior gluteal nerve

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3
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

O: Ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Abduction and medial rotation
I: Superior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

O: anterior iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract
A: Abduction and medial rotation
I: Superior gluteal nerve

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5
Q

Piriformis

A

O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Lateral rotation and abduction
I: Nerve to piriformis

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6
Q

Obturator internus

A

O: Pubis and Ischium at obturator foramen
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Lateral rotation and abduction
I: Nerve to obturator externus

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7
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tuberosity on Intertrochanteric crest
A: Lateral rotation
I: Nerve to quadratus femoris

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8
Q

Superior Gemelli

A

O: Ischial spine
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Lateral rotation and abduction
I: Nerve to obturator internus

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9
Q

Inferior gemelli

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Lateral rotation and abduction
I: Nerve to Quadratus femoris

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10
Q

What divides the glut into superior and inferior regions

A

Piriformis

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11
Q

What muscle does the sciatic nerve exit directly inferior to

A

Piriformis muscle

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12
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles

A

Iliopsoas
Quadriceps femoris:
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus Medialis
- Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

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13
Q

Iliopsoas

A

O: Psoas major originates at lumbar vertebrae, iliacus originated from iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: Flexes thigh at hip joint
I: psoas major innervated by anterior rami of L1-L3, iliacus by femoral nerve

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14
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: Greater trochanter of femur
I: Quadriceps tendon
A: Knee extension
I: Femoral nerve

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15
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O: Anterolateral femur
I: Quadriceps tendon
A: Knee extension
I: Femoral nerve

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16
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

O: Interochanteric line
I: Quadriceps tendon
A: Knee extension
I: Femoral nerve

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17
Q

Rectus femoris

A

O: AIIS (Anterior inferior iliac spine)
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon
A: Knee extension & Hip flexion
I: Femoral nerve

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18
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS (Anterior superior iliac spine)
I: Medial tibia
A: Hip and knee flexion
I: Femoral nerve

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19
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Pectineal line of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
A: Adduction and flexion at hip
I: Femoral nerve

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20
Q

What nerve supplies all muscles of anterior compartment of thigh except one muscle and name it

A

Femoral nerve supples all muscles in anterior thigh except psoas major which is innervated by anterior rami of L1-L3

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21
Q

Borders and floor or femoral triangle

A

Superior border: Inguinal ligament
Lateral border: Sartorius
Medial border: Adductor longus
Floor: Pectineus, Iliopsoas
Roof: Fascia Lata

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22
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
Empty space (Femoral canal)

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23
Q

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of thigh

A

Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor longus
Obturator Externus
Gracilis

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24
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Comprised of two components:
- Adductor part (Ad)
- Hamstring (H)
O: Adductor originates Ischial rami
I: Adductor inserts into Linea aspera

O: Hamstring originates Ischial tuberosity
I: Hamstring inserts adductor tubercle

A: Adduction, flexion and extension of thigh
I: Obturator nerve

25
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: Pubis
I: Linea aspera
A: Adduction
I: Obturator nerve

26
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
I: Linea aspera
A: Adduction
I: Obturator nerve

27
Q

Obturator externus

A

O: Obturator foramen membrane
I: Greater trochanter
A: Adduction
I: Obturator nerve

28
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Inferior pubic ramus
I: Medial tibia
A: Adduction
I: Obturator nerve

29
Q

What nerve innervates the medial compartment of thigh

A

Obturator nerve

30
Q

Muscles in posterior thigh muscles

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris

31
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibia
A: Knee flexion, medial rotation, leg and thigh extension
I: Sciatic nerve

32
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibial condyle
A: knee flexion, thigh extension
I: Sciatic nerve

33
Q

Biceps femoris (long head)

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Head of fibula
A: Knee flexion
I: Sciatic nerve

34
Q

Biceps femoris (short head)

A

O: Linea aspera
I: Head of fibula
A: Knee flexion
I: Sciatic nerve

35
Q

What nerve innervates posterior compartment of thigh

A

Sciatic nerve

36
Q

Main action of anterior compartment of thigh

A

Knee extension

37
Q

Main action of medial compartment of thigh

A

Hip adduction

38
Q

Main action of posterior compartment of thigh

A

Thigh extension and leg flexion

39
Q

Popliteal fossa borders

A

Superomedial - Semimembranosus

Superolateral - Biceps femoris

Inferomedial - Medial head of gastrocnemius

Inferolateral - Lateral head of gastrocnemius

40
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A
  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common fibular nerve

Small sphenoid vein empties into popliteal vein

41
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment of lower leg, what they’re supplied by and function

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis longus
Fibularis Tertius

Innervated: Deep fibular nerve
Dorsiflex and invert foot

42
Q

Muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg, what they’re supplied by and function

A

Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis

Innervated: superficial fibular nerve

Action: the Fibularis longus plantar flexes and both of them evert the foot

43
Q

Muscles of superficial posterior compartment of lower leg, what they’re supplied by and function

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

Innervated by tibial nerve

Action: Plantarflex and flex knee (except soleus doesn’t flex knee)

44
Q

Muscles of deep posterior compartment of lower leg, what they’re supplied by and function

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Innervated by tibial nerve

Action: the flexors flex the toes, tibialis posterior plantar flexes foot and popliteus unlocks the knee by laterally rotating the femur to allow knee flexion

45
Q

2 muscles that flex the thigh (lifting thigh forward)

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris

46
Q

2 muscles that extend the thigh (moving thigh backwards)

A

Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings like biceps femoris

47
Q

2 muscles that abduct the thigh

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

48
Q

2 muscles that adduct the thigh

A

Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus

49
Q

2 muscles that medially rotate the thigh

A

Gluteus minimus/medius
Tensor fascia lata

50
Q

2 muscles that laterally rotate the thigh

A

Obturator externus
Piriformis

51
Q

2 muscles that flex leg (bending the knee)

A

Hamstrings (Semitendinosus)
Gastrocnemius

52
Q

2 muscles that extend leg (straightening the knee)

A

Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris

53
Q

2 muscles that dorsiflex foot

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus

54
Q

2 muscles that plantarflex foot

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus

55
Q

2 muscles that invert foot

A

Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior

56
Q

2 muscles that evert foot

A

Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis

57
Q

2 muscles that curl toes downwards

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

58
Q

2 muscles that lift toes upwards

A

Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

59
Q

Where do most hamstring muscles originate

A

Ischial tuberosity

Semester 3 (13 decks)

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