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Semester 3 > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Presbyopia

A

Loss of flexibility of lens, occurs naturally with ageing which reduces ability to focus on near objects

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2
Q

What is Strabismus?

A

A condition where the eyes dont properly align with each other.

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3
Q

What does the term ‘Diplopia’ refer to?

A

Double vision.

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4
Q

4 types of strabismus

A

Esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia and hypotropia

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5
Q

What is the medical term for nearsightedness?

A

Myopia.

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6
Q

Amblyopia

A

characterized by a decrease in VISION in one eye due to the brain favoring one eye over the other that’s why it’s also known as lazy eye

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition where one eye turns inward.

A

Esotropia

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8
Q

What is Exotropia?

A

A condition where one eye turns outward.

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9
Q

True or False: Hyperopia is also known as farsightedness.

A

True

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10
Q

What is ambylopia and what are the types

A

One eye fails to achieve normal visual acuity even with glasses or contacts

Strabismic, Refractive, Deprivative

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11
Q

What does the term ‘Anisometropia’ mean?

A

A condition where the two eyes have unequal refractive power.

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12
Q

What is the primary symptom of Retinal Detachment?

A

Sudden appearance of floaters and flashes of light.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy.

A

Cataract

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14
Q

True or False: Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure.

A

True

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15
Q

Nystagmus

A

Rhythmical repetitive and involuntary movement of the eyes

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16
Q

What does the term ‘Macular Degeneration’ refer to?

A

A deterioration of the central portion of the retina.

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17
Q

What is the primary cause of red-green Color Blindness? And what gender does it affect more

A

Genetic defects on X chromosome affecting color-detecting pigments in the cones of the retina. Affects men more

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18
Q

True or False: Papilledema indicates swelling of the optic nerve head.

A

True

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19
Q

Astigmatism

A

medical term for the condition where the eye’s cornea is misshapen, causing blurred vision and multiple focal points of lights

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20
Q

Allodynia

A

Feeling pain when exposed to innocous stimuli

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21
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Intensified pain to noxious stimuli

22
Q

What is hemiparesis?

A

Weakness on one side of the body due to damage to the corticospinal tract

Commonly seen in strokes involving the middle cerebral artery (MCA)

23
Q

Define hemiplegia.

A

Complete paralysis on one side of the body

Often due to large infarcts affecting the motor cortex or internal capsule

24
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Slurred or poorly articulated speech caused by weakness or incoordination of the speech muscles

Often seen in lacunar strokes or brainstem strokes

25
Q

What does aphasia refer to?

A

Impairment of language function

26
Q

Describe Broca’s aphasia.

A

Non-fluent meaning you can’t really say sentences longer than 4 words and making correct sounds, effortful speech with intact comprehension (you still understand)

Lesion in left inferior frontal gyrus

27
Q

What characterizes Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent but nonsensical speech with impaired comprehension

Lesion in left superior temporal gyrus

28
Q

What is conduction aphasia? And what area is affected

A

Arcuate fasciculus is affected, makes it difficult for people to repeat back what you said, and unintentionally rearranges sounds (phonemes) within a word, instead of apple they say bapple, they can still understand though

Often due to large MCA infarcts

29
Q

Define apraxia and what area is affected

A

Inability to perform learned fine motor tasks despite normal motor function

Associated with strokes in the parietal lobe

30
Q

Define ataxia and which area is affected

A

Loss of muscle coordination

Cerebellum

31
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Tingling, numbness with pins & needles

32
Q

Lhermitte’s sign and what condition it’s found in

A

When neck is flexed an electrical shock sensation goes down the back of the spine

MS

33
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty swallowing

34
Q

Uhthoff’s phenomenon/sign

A

MS symptoms worsen in heat (like taking a shower)

35
Q

Alogia

A

Poverty of speech (schizophrenia)

36
Q

Avolition

A

Severe lack of motivation or interest/engagement in goal directed behavior (schizophrenia)

37
Q

Extra-pyramidal symptoms

A

Dystonia, akathesia, Parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

38
Q

Dystonia

A

Sustained muscular contraction (muscle TONE) causes oculogyric crisis (eyes stuck in upward gaze) and Torticollis (neck twists to one side)

39
Q

Akathesia

A

Intense restlessness pacing and tapping

40
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Repetitive uncontrolled movement of the lips, tongue and neck muscles causing lip amazing, tongue wiggling and neck twitches

41
Q

Abulia and what condition usually causes it

A

Lack of will, drive or initiative for action speech or thought, associated with frontal lobe damage (anterior cerebral stroke)

42
Q

Alexia without agraphia and what cerebral artery stroke usually causes it

A

Patient is unable to read but can still write and comprehend verbal language

Posterior cerebral artery occlusion

43
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness

44
Q

Plegia

A

Paralysis

45
Q

Anhedonia and what condition do you get it in

A

Loss of interest, inability to experience pleasure or enjoyment from activities

Depression

46
Q

Hypomimia where it’s found

A

Flat face or reduced facial expression found in Parkinson’s

47
Q

Hypophonia

A

Reduction in tone of voice

48
Q

Chorea

A

Purposeless dance-like movements found in huntington disease

49
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, “snake-like” movements unusually in the hands found in Huntington disease

50
Q

Agnosia

A

Can perceive stimuli but fail to interpret or recognize them properly

Semester 3 (13 decks)

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