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Probiotics 2 > Symbiotics and Postbioitics > Flashcards

Symbiotics and Postbioitics Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of Synbiotic

A

Get even bigger benefit

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2
Q

Uses of Synbiotics

A

Improve survival of microbes in food + Proliferation and stimulation of microbes in GI tract

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3
Q

The effects of synbiotics os ____ remains unclear

A

Metabolic health

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4
Q

Synbiotic Selection Criteria (3)

A

(1) Appropriate pro + pre that benefit host when used individually
(2) Selective stimulation of beneficial bacteria and limited or absent stimulation of others
(3) Health benefit

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5
Q

Best approach to finding synbiotic mixture

A

Find which probiotic has most favorable effect on probiotic

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of symbiotics

A

(1) Improve viability of probiotic
(2) Provision of specific health effects

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7
Q

How synbiotic can improve viability of probiotics

A

Higher tolerance to environment such as O2, pH, and temperature in intestine

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8
Q

Action through provision through specific health effects (5)

A

(1) Modulate metabolism and reduce concentration of undesirable metabolites
(2) Maintain intestine biostructure
(3) Develop beneficial bacteria
(4) Inhibit pathogens in GI tract
(5) increase SCFAs, ketones, carbon, methyl acetates

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9
Q

Synbiotics can inactivate these metabolites

A

Nitrosamines and cancerogenic substances

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10
Q

Benefits of synbioitcs in humans (5)

A

(1) Increase Lb and Bifido
(2) Maintain intestinal balance of microbiota
(3) Immunomodulation
(4) Improve hepatic function in patients with cirrhosis
(5) Prevent bacterial translocation and reduce nosocomial infections post-surgery

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11
Q

Synbitoics have helped in

A

Obesity, T2D, IBS, AD

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12
Q

Postbioitcs

A

Inanimate microbes and/or their components that have health benefit

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13
Q

Definition of postibiotics reviewed by

A

International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP)

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14
Q

Biotic + post

A

Relating to or resulting from live organisms + after

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15
Q

Postbiotc literal meaning

A

After life/non-living organism

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16
Q

Preparation of post

A

Formulation of microbial biomass

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17
Q

Inanimate of post

A

Lifeless (not inactive)

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18
Q

Inactive

A

Still alive but can’t grow and cause harm (heat treatment)

19
Q

Components of post

A

pili, CW, protein, NA (parts of microbe)

20
Q

Summary of postbioitc

A

Deliberately inactivated microbial cells with or without metabolites and cell components that give health benefits

21
Q

Post are not

A

Vaccines or purified microbial metabolites

22
Q

Post do not need to be derived from

A

Probiotic while living

23
Q

Post bacterial component examples (7)

A

Lipids, Carbs, proteins/peptides/AA, NA/organic acids, bacterial lysates, bacterial vesicles, vitamins/co-factors

24
Q

Target of Post

A

Humans, companion animals, livestock…

25
Q

Site of action of post

A

Oral cavity, gut, skin, nose, UG tract but not injection

26
Q

Qualification of postbiotc criteria (5)

A

(1) Molecular characterization of progenitor microbe
(2) Description of inactivation and matrix
(3) Inactivation confirmation
(4) Describe composition of preparation
(5) Evidence of health benefit from trails (?)

27
Q

Reason for molecular characterization of progenitor microbe

A

Screen for genes of safety concerns

28
Q

Characterization of progenitor microbe

A

Fully annotated genome sequence and in database

29
Q

Propagation of LAB to get bacteria and bacterial components treated with

A

Heat, sonication, pressure, enzymes

30
Q

Steps to obtaining postbioitcs

A

Resuscitation of LAB –> Propagation of LAB in large volumes –> Treatment –> Harvesting (cent) –> Concentrate

31
Q

Confirmation of inactivation

A

Plate and see if it still grows or flow cytometry

32
Q

Many ways to…

A

Inactive for post purposes

33
Q

How to describe composition of post

A

Mass spec, ELISA, rtPCR (need multiple methods)

34
Q

Mass spec

A

Quantify lipids and proteins

35
Q

ELISA for

A

Proteins using antibody

36
Q

RT-PCR for

A

Gene expression

37
Q

Ganden BC30 (GBC)

A

CW and metabolites from Bacillus coagulans strain

38
Q

GBC overall benefit

A

Anti-inflammatory and immune modulating in vitro

39
Q

GBC specifics

A

Reduce ROS (PMN) + 25% increase in phagocytosis (PMN) + Activate NK cells + Increase anti-inflammatory IL-4, -6, -10

40
Q

P. freudenrichii ITG P9

A

Use SCFAs as a postbiotic

41
Q

ITG P9 benefits

A

SCFAs such as acetate and propionate can induce apoptosis and caspases in human tumor cell lines

42
Q

Lantigen B

A

Mix of antigens from many different pathogens

43
Q

Lantigen B Benefits

A

Used in clinical trails in over weeks and showed reduced duration of inflammatory events (10 vs 6 days) and no adverse reaction

Probiotics 2 (9 decks)

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