Symbiotics and Postbioitics Flashcards
Goal of Synbiotic
Get even bigger benefit
Uses of Synbiotics
Improve survival of microbes in food + Proliferation and stimulation of microbes in GI tract
The effects of synbiotics os ____ remains unclear
Metabolic health
Synbiotic Selection Criteria (3)
(1) Appropriate pro + pre that benefit host when used individually
(2) Selective stimulation of beneficial bacteria and limited or absent stimulation of others
(3) Health benefit
Best approach to finding synbiotic mixture
Find which probiotic has most favorable effect on probiotic
Mechanism of action of symbiotics
(1) Improve viability of probiotic
(2) Provision of specific health effects
How synbiotic can improve viability of probiotics
Higher tolerance to environment such as O2, pH, and temperature in intestine
Action through provision through specific health effects (5)
(1) Modulate metabolism and reduce concentration of undesirable metabolites
(2) Maintain intestine biostructure
(3) Develop beneficial bacteria
(4) Inhibit pathogens in GI tract
(5) increase SCFAs, ketones, carbon, methyl acetates
Synbiotics can inactivate these metabolites
Nitrosamines and cancerogenic substances
Benefits of synbioitcs in humans (5)
(1) Increase Lb and Bifido
(2) Maintain intestinal balance of microbiota
(3) Immunomodulation
(4) Improve hepatic function in patients with cirrhosis
(5) Prevent bacterial translocation and reduce nosocomial infections post-surgery
Synbitoics have helped in
Obesity, T2D, IBS, AD
Postbioitcs
Inanimate microbes and/or their components that have health benefit
Definition of postibiotics reviewed by
International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP)
Biotic + post
Relating to or resulting from live organisms + after
Postbiotc literal meaning
After life/non-living organism
Preparation of post
Formulation of microbial biomass
Inanimate of post
Lifeless (not inactive)
Inactive
Still alive but can’t grow and cause harm (heat treatment)
Components of post
pili, CW, protein, NA (parts of microbe)
Summary of postbioitc
Deliberately inactivated microbial cells with or without metabolites and cell components that give health benefits
Post are not
Vaccines or purified microbial metabolites
Post do not need to be derived from
Probiotic while living
Post bacterial component examples (7)
Lipids, Carbs, proteins/peptides/AA, NA/organic acids, bacterial lysates, bacterial vesicles, vitamins/co-factors
Target of Post
Humans, companion animals, livestock…
Site of action of post
Oral cavity, gut, skin, nose, UG tract but not injection
Qualification of postbiotc criteria (5)
(1) Molecular characterization of progenitor microbe
(2) Description of inactivation and matrix
(3) Inactivation confirmation
(4) Describe composition of preparation
(5) Evidence of health benefit from trails (?)
Reason for molecular characterization of progenitor microbe
Screen for genes of safety concerns
Characterization of progenitor microbe
Fully annotated genome sequence and in database
Propagation of LAB to get bacteria and bacterial components treated with
Heat, sonication, pressure, enzymes
Steps to obtaining postbioitcs
Resuscitation of LAB –> Propagation of LAB in large volumes –> Treatment –> Harvesting (cent) –> Concentrate
Confirmation of inactivation
Plate and see if it still grows or flow cytometry
Many ways to…
Inactive for post purposes
How to describe composition of post
Mass spec, ELISA, rtPCR (need multiple methods)
Mass spec
Quantify lipids and proteins
ELISA for
Proteins using antibody
RT-PCR for
Gene expression
Ganden BC30 (GBC)
CW and metabolites from Bacillus coagulans strain
GBC overall benefit
Anti-inflammatory and immune modulating in vitro
GBC specifics
Reduce ROS (PMN) + 25% increase in phagocytosis (PMN) + Activate NK cells + Increase anti-inflammatory IL-4, -6, -10
P. freudenrichii ITG P9
Use SCFAs as a postbiotic
ITG P9 benefits
SCFAs such as acetate and propionate can induce apoptosis and caspases in human tumor cell lines
Lantigen B
Mix of antigens from many different pathogens
Lantigen B Benefits
Used in clinical trails in over weeks and showed reduced duration of inflammatory events (10 vs 6 days) and no adverse reaction
