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Probiotics 2 > Psycobiotics > Flashcards

Psycobiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Brain modulates GI tract through

A

Motility, secretion, absorption, blood flow

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2
Q

GI tract stimulates the brain through

A

Stimulation of IR or small molecules

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3
Q

Components of gut-brain axis

A

CNS + ANS + ENS + IS + GI tract + Neuroendocrine system

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4
Q

GI symptoms is comorbidity + Gut dysbiosis (metagenomic sequencing)

A

Neurological Diseases

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5
Q

New axis definition

A

Microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis

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6
Q

Gut microbes Mechanism

A

Peripheral serotonin secretion by epi cells + Immune cells to produce cytokines or develop immune cells in brain + Metabolites such as butyrate

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7
Q

Metabolites to the brain can

A

Alter cells in BBB or develop intestinal and brain cells

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8
Q

Psychiatric conditions linked to gut alterations

A

AI disease (MS) + Neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s) + Injury (spinal cord) + Neuropsychiatric (depression and anxiety)

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9
Q

Disorders and gut dysbiosis stage

A

Correlation (no proof bacteria play role)

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10
Q

Microbiota —> CNS

A

Microbial derived molecules, neuroactive molecules, Neuronal signalling

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11
Q

Microbial Derived Molecules for the CNS

A

SCFAs. Tryptophan metabolites, MAMPs

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12
Q

Neuroactive Molecules for CNS

A

Neurotransmitters biosynthesis and regulation of signalling

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13
Q

Neuronal Signalling of CNS

A

Vagal nerve stimulation

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14
Q

SCFAs and CNS

A

Microglial maturation and function

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15
Q

Tryptophan metabolites

A

Keratonin and serotonin stimulate AHR to modulate immune stimulating genes

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16
Q

MAMPs CNS responds to

A

LPS and PGN

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17
Q

Microbiota —> Immune System

A

MDM + immune pathways

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18
Q

MDM to immune system

A

SCFAs and MAMPs (PSA and TLR/NLR ligands)

19
Q

Immune pathway regulated

A

Th17, Treg, APC, antibody, phagocytosis

20
Q

Immune system –> CNS

A

Tissue inflammation, injury, and repair + neurogenesis + Neuronal development and connectivity

21
Q

Tissue inflammation, injury, and repair

A

Th1 (IFNY), Th2 (IL-4), Th17, Treg (IL-10)

22
Q

Neurogenesis

23
Q

Neuronal development and connectivity

A

IL-17 and IFNY

24
Q

CNS –> IS and Microbiota

A

Neuroendocrine singaling

25
Q

Neuroendocrine signaling

A

HPA axis –> microbiota composition, intestinal permeability/motility, Immune regulation

26
Q

Prebiotic pathway

A

Stimulate gut microbiota and neurochemicals (also stimulated by gut microbiota) –> stimulate brain function

27
Q

Probioitcs and the communication with the CNS

A

Probiotics –> NT producing microbes

28
Q

HPA Axis

A

Release cortisol that activates immune cells and leaky gut

29
Q

Communication of microbiota with NS via

A

Neuronal pathways + Immune system + Metabolites

30
Q

Probiotics can regulate these two things to help with brain function

A

Gut dysbiosis + Reduced barrier integrity

31
Q

Gut dysbiosis effects on NS

A

Inflammation, activate HPA axis, alter NT and metabolite levels that then signal the vagus nerve

32
Q

Signal the vagus nerve

A

Metabolites, NTs, serotonin

33
Q

Reduced barrier integrity on NS

A

Leaky gut and bacterial migration –> Inflammation –> Inflammatory cytokines disrupt BBB

34
Q

Healthy microbiota and the NS

A

Produce NTs, serotonin, SCFA –> stimulate the vagus nerve and ICs (SCFAs) –> produce cytokines

35
Q

Gut microbes to CNS

A

Gut microbes release metabolites or stimulate M cells and DCs —> interact with ENS —> interacts with the CNS

36
Q

SCFAs into ENS

A

Stimulate GPCRs –> stimulate T-regs

37
Q

LPS and EPS as metabolites interacting with the ENS

A

Stimulate TLRs

38
Q

ENS communication with CNS

A

Stimulates GPCRs or TLRs to stimulate GDNFs

39
Q

DCs and Microfold cells action with ENS

A

Translocate microbes from lumen to lamina propia

40
Q

Microbes and receptors

A

Interact directly or through metabolites (TLRs and GPCRs)

41
Q

GPCR

A

G-protein couples receptor

42
Q

GPCRs in the ENS

A

Interact with SCFAs to regulate colonic Tregs

43
Q

TRL stimulation of the CNS

A

Stimulates GDNF to increase glial cell and enteric neurons (?)

44
Q

GDNF

A

Glial cell line derived neutrophilic factor

Probiotics 2 (9 decks)

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