Swine Respiratory Disease

Question 1

In regards to infectious agents that cause swine respiratory disease:

Which 2 agents are primary pathogens that cause

devastating lesions?

Answer 1

• Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae*
• Mycoplasma hyopneumonia*

Question 2

In regards to infectious agents that cause swine respiratory disease:

Which 2 pathogenic agents cause minor lesions?

Answer 2

• Inclusion Body Rhinitis (Porcine Cytomegalovirus)*
• Bordatella*

Question 3

In regards to infectious agents that cause swine respiratory disease:

This pathogen does not initiate disease, but is a

secondary invader; an opportunist

Answer 3

Pasteurella multocida

Question 4

The toxigenic strains of P. multocida

produce cytotoxins which inhibit osteoblasts and promotes osteoclast

activity in the _________

Answer 4

Nasal turbinates

Question 5

The _________ of the ventral nasal turbinates

is the area most commonly and consistently affected

by P. multocida

Answer 5

ventral scrolls

Question 6

What factors are involved in airborne transmission

of swine respiratory diseases?

Answer 6

Size of herd

Presence of mechanical ventilation

Proximity of herds

Direction and velocity of winds

Cloud cover

Air turbulence

Topography

Humidity

Question 7

Proximity of herds is an important factor in the control of

airborne respiratory swine diseases.

For instance, Pseudorabies, travels from one farm to the next

through the air, so you want to keep farms

spaced _________ apart to prevent the spread.

Answer 7

2 miles apart at least!

Question 8

_______ has never been isolated from specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs

Answer 8

Pasteurella multocida

Question 9

____________ incidence is increased following

Swine influenza or Pseudorabies

Answer 9

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Question 10

What is the best way to manage the movement of pigs?

Answer 10

ALL in, ALL out

Breed sows as a group, farrow at the same time, move pigs together as one big group

Question 11

Pneumonia incidence is ______% less in

herds with All in, All out management practice

Answer 11

20 - 25% less

Question 12

Generally, risk of swine respiratory disease increases with herd size,

but large herds may have less pneumonia than small herds because

of less __________

Answer 12

mixing

Question 13

How is pneumonia spread?

Answer 13

Direct contact or aerosol transmission

Question 14

What is the formula for the number of possible disease

transmissions?

Answer 14

(n) (n) - n

n is the number of animals

Question 15

Barns with fewer pigs have less pneumonia.

The ideal size is _______ pigs in a barn

Answer 15

150 - 300 pigs/barn

Question 16

Forced ventilation is necessary in preventing

swine respiratory diseases.

A flow of over ______/pig/hour has reduced risk

Answer 16

60 m³/pig/hour

Question 17

Pneumonia is less severe in buildings with

________ ventilation and in

buildings with _______ (not subjected to drafts)

Answer 17

negative pressure ventilation

solid dividers

Question 18

If ventilation is not adequate, noxious gases can cause issues-

like irritation of the mucosa-

that predispose animals to swine respiratory disease.

Which 2 gases are implicated in pig houses for causing the

most issues?

Answer 18

Carbon monoxide

Hydrogen sulfide

Question 19

_______ in hog houses increases human risk

of respiratory problems, but not in pigs

Answer 19

DUST

Question 20

Herds with diarrhea caused by this agent

is responsible for increasing risk of

swine respiratory disease

Answer 20

Salmonella cholerasuis

Question 21

Stress from scratching caused by this agent

is responsible for increasing risk of

swine respiratory disease due to

stress-related immunodeficiency

Answer 21

Sarcoptic mange

Question 22

Mycoplasma pneumonia incidence is increased by

_____ times in herds with ascarids

Answer 22

10x higher

Question 23

________ is a factor that increases risk of swine respiratory disease.

Pneumonia and pleuritis incidence is 10% higher in

these males than in females at slaughter

Answer 23

Castration

• When you hold them upside down to castrate them, they squeal,*
• which irritates the respiratory tract*

Question 24

Which pig breed is at higher risk for swine respiratory disease,

which is the reason they are cross-bred for production?

Answer 24

Yorkshires

Question 25

Atrophic Rhinitis is caused by these two agents.

Clinical signs include a twisted snout and often pneumonia

Answer 25

• Pasteurella*
• Bordatella*

Question 26

Pneumonia is estimated to reduce

average daily gain by ____g for every ____% of the lung with lesions

Answer 26

Pneumonia is estimated to reduce

average daily gain by 0.4 g for every 10% of the lung with lesions

Question 27

This is a monitoring device in hog houses that monitors coughing

and sends out an alert if coughing increases

Answer 27

Stremodo

Question 28

What are the 4 methods of eliminating certain pathogens

in pig herds?

Answer 28

Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) herds

Medicated Early Weaning (MEW)

Modified Medicated Early Weaning (MMEW)

Testing and Culling

Question 29

This method for elimination of certain pathogens

is a means of getting breeding stock free of disease.

These pigs have NO disease exposure-

delivered by C-section in a sterile environment and raised in sterile hog houses.

It is very expensive though, so other options may be more viable

Answer 29

SPF (Specific-Pathogen Free herds)

Question 30

This method for elimination of certain pathogens

involves medicating and weaning pigs at 5 - 10 days.

Then, they are moved to a clean facility.

Answer 30

Medicated Early Weaning (MEW)

Question 31

This method for elimination of certain pathogens

is commonly used now. It involves weaning at the traditional

3 - 4 weeks, but pigs are then moved to a clean

facility and medicated.

Answer 31

Modified Medicated Early Weaning (MMEW)

Question 32

This method for elimination of certain pathogens

is the method to use when eliminating

Brucellosis and Pseudorabies

Answer 32

TEST AND CULL

Question 33

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent

of porcine pleuropneumonia. It is most frequently observed

in pigs _____ months of age (growing pigs)

and is usually acute in onset- pigs die suddenly. It can also be a

chronic condition, but this is not as common.

Answer 33

3 - 4 months old

Question 34

This is the most common bacterial isolate from

swine lungs

Answer 34

Pasteurella multocida

Question 35

What are the clinical signs associated with

Pasteurella multocida infection in pigs?

Answer 35

Thumping (diaphragmatic breathing due to pleuritis pain)

Dog sitting posture

Very high fever (107 - 108F)

Hypoxia (can turn blue)

In conjunction with Bordatella can cause Atrophic Rhinitis

Question 36

________ is associated with toxigenic strains of P. multocida

to cause atrophic rhinitis.

Vaccination of the sow OR piglets works well to prevent infection.

Answer 36

Bordatella

Question 37

This disease can be zoonotic (from humans to pigs or pigs to humans).

Clinical signs include high fever, coughing, anorexia, and

also may cause ABORTIONS.

Answer 37

Swine influenza

Question 38

This is a common infectious cause of enzootic pneumonia

and causes mild infection. Mostly, it predisposes

pigs to secondary bacterial infections like Pasteurella multocida

which causes devastating lesions in the lungs

Answer 38

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Question 39

This condition causes respiratory and reproductive losses.

It is very infectious and some animals become persistently infected

contributing to the spread. Pigs can get cutaneous signs

(rhomboid lesions) and discolored dark red urine.

It is caused by a virus, but there is a vaccination to prevent it

Answer 39

PRRS (Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome)