Swine Respiratory Disease Flashcards
In regards to infectious agents that cause swine respiratory disease:
Which 2 agents are primary pathogens that cause
devastating lesions?
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae*
- Mycoplasma hyopneumonia*
In regards to infectious agents that cause swine respiratory disease:
Which 2 pathogenic agents cause minor lesions?
- Inclusion Body Rhinitis (Porcine Cytomegalovirus)*
- Bordatella*
In regards to infectious agents that cause swine respiratory disease:
This pathogen does not initiate disease, but is a
secondary invader; an opportunist
Pasteurella multocida
The toxigenic strains of P. multocida
produce cytotoxins which inhibit osteoblasts and promotes osteoclast
activity in the _________
Nasal turbinates
The _________ of the ventral nasal turbinates
is the area most commonly and consistently affected
by P. multocida
ventral scrolls
What factors are involved in airborne transmission
of swine respiratory diseases?
Size of herd
Presence of mechanical ventilation
Proximity of herds
Direction and velocity of winds
Cloud cover
Air turbulence
Topography
Humidity
Proximity of herds is an important factor in the control of
airborne respiratory swine diseases.
For instance, Pseudorabies, travels from one farm to the next
through the air, so you want to keep farms
spaced _________ apart to prevent the spread.
2 miles apart at least!
_______ has never been isolated from specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs
Pasteurella multocida
____________ incidence is increased following
Swine influenza or Pseudorabies
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
What is the best way to manage the movement of pigs?
ALL in, ALL out
Breed sows as a group, farrow at the same time, move pigs together as one big group
Pneumonia incidence is ______% less in
herds with All in, All out management practice
20 - 25% less
Generally, risk of swine respiratory disease increases with herd size,
but large herds may have less pneumonia than small herds because
of less __________
mixing
How is pneumonia spread?
Direct contact or aerosol transmission
What is the formula for the number of possible disease
transmissions?
(n) (n) - n
n is the number of animals
Barns with fewer pigs have less pneumonia.
The ideal size is _______ pigs in a barn
150 - 300 pigs/barn
Forced ventilation is necessary in preventing
swine respiratory diseases.
A flow of over ______/pig/hour has reduced risk
60 m3/pig/hour
Pneumonia is less severe in buildings with
________ ventilation and in
buildings with _______ (not subjected to drafts)
negative pressure ventilation
solid dividers
If ventilation is not adequate, noxious gases can cause issues-
like irritation of the mucosa-
that predispose animals to swine respiratory disease.
Which 2 gases are implicated in pig houses for causing the
most issues?
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen sulfide
_______ in hog houses increases human risk
of respiratory problems, but not in pigs
DUST
Herds with diarrhea caused by this agent
is responsible for increasing risk of
swine respiratory disease
Salmonella cholerasuis
Stress from scratching caused by this agent
is responsible for increasing risk of
swine respiratory disease due to
stress-related immunodeficiency
Sarcoptic mange
Mycoplasma pneumonia incidence is increased by
_____ times in herds with ascarids
10x higher
________ is a factor that increases risk of swine respiratory disease.
Pneumonia and pleuritis incidence is 10% higher in
these males than in females at slaughter
Castration
- When you hold them upside down to castrate them, they squeal,*
- which irritates the respiratory tract*
Which pig breed is at higher risk for swine respiratory disease,
which is the reason they are cross-bred for production?
Yorkshires
Atrophic Rhinitis is caused by these two agents.
Clinical signs include a twisted snout and often pneumonia
- Pasteurella*
- Bordatella*
Pneumonia is estimated to reduce
average daily gain by ____g for every ____% of the lung with lesions
Pneumonia is estimated to reduce
average daily gain by 0.4 g for every 10% of the lung with lesions
This is a monitoring device in hog houses that monitors coughing
and sends out an alert if coughing increases
Stremodo
What are the 4 methods of eliminating certain pathogens
in pig herds?
Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) herds
Medicated Early Weaning (MEW)
Modified Medicated Early Weaning (MMEW)
Testing and Culling
This method for elimination of certain pathogens
is a means of getting breeding stock free of disease.
These pigs have NO disease exposure-
delivered by C-section in a sterile environment and raised in sterile hog houses.
It is very expensive though, so other options may be more viable
SPF (Specific-Pathogen Free herds)
This method for elimination of certain pathogens
involves medicating and weaning pigs at 5 - 10 days.
Then, they are moved to a clean facility.
Medicated Early Weaning (MEW)
This method for elimination of certain pathogens
is commonly used now. It involves weaning at the traditional
3 - 4 weeks, but pigs are then moved to a clean
facility and medicated.
Modified Medicated Early Weaning (MMEW)
This method for elimination of certain pathogens
is the method to use when eliminating
Brucellosis and Pseudorabies
TEST AND CULL
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent
of porcine pleuropneumonia. It is most frequently observed
in pigs _____ months of age (growing pigs)
and is usually acute in onset- pigs die suddenly. It can also be a
chronic condition, but this is not as common.
3 - 4 months old
This is the most common bacterial isolate from
swine lungs
Pasteurella multocida
What are the clinical signs associated with
Pasteurella multocida infection in pigs?
Thumping (diaphragmatic breathing due to pleuritis pain)
Dog sitting posture
Very high fever (107 - 108F)
Hypoxia (can turn blue)
In conjunction with Bordatella can cause Atrophic Rhinitis
________ is associated with toxigenic strains of P. multocida
to cause atrophic rhinitis.
Vaccination of the sow OR piglets works well to prevent infection.
Bordatella
This disease can be zoonotic (from humans to pigs or pigs to humans).
Clinical signs include high fever, coughing, anorexia, and
also may cause ABORTIONS.
Swine influenza
This is a common infectious cause of enzootic pneumonia
and causes mild infection. Mostly, it predisposes
pigs to secondary bacterial infections like Pasteurella multocida
which causes devastating lesions in the lungs
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
This condition causes respiratory and reproductive losses.
It is very infectious and some animals become persistently infected
contributing to the spread. Pigs can get cutaneous signs
(rhomboid lesions) and discolored dark red urine.
It is caused by a virus, but there is a vaccination to prevent it
PRRS (Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome)
