Swine GI Disease Flashcards
Gastric ulcers are usually found in the
non-glandular ______ portion of the stomach
pars esophageal
Gastric ulcers are associated with this type of feed ration
finely ground ration with particle size less than 1.5 mm
Feeding finely ground rations prevents normal pH gradients in the
stomach and causes:
The glandular part to become more ______
and
the fundic part to become more _______
glandular = more acidic
fundic = more alkaline
T/F:
Gastric ulcers are a heritable trait
TRUE!
Heratibility high- 0.52!
Another cause of gastric ulcers is
_______ of feed intake
interruption
Gastric ulcers are usually asymptomatic.
In some cases, sudden death can occur.
In chronic cases of gastric ulceration, signs are non-specific,
but melena does occur. Some swine diets produce black feces normally,
so you have to test for ________ to be sure it is melena.
Occult blood in feces
How are gastric ulcers treated and prevented in swine?
Increase fiber level in the diet
Ensure adequate particle size in the diet
Supplement with antioxidants (Vit E and Selenium)
Supplementing swine diets with these 2 antioxidants
help to prevent gastric ulcers
Vitamin E, Selenium!
What is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy
in swine?
Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis)
is seen mostly in this stage of pig development
Growing and Finishing pigs
In swine, three forms of L. intracellularis infection have been described.
The chronic form typically affects _____ pigs and is characterized by diarrhea, rough hair coat, decreased feed consumption, and weight gain,
The subclinical form affects pigs up to _______of age and manifests solely as reduced weight gain and intermittent fecal shedding of bacT.
The acute form affects pigs _____ months old and is characterized by intestinal hemorrhage, fever, and sudden death.
The chronic form typically affects younger pigs and is characterized by diarrhea, rough hair coat, decreased feed consumption, and weight gain,
The subclinical form affects pigs up to 20 weeks of age and manifests solely as reduced weight gain and intermittent fecal shedding of bacT.
The acute form affects older pigs 4 - 12 months old and is characterized by intestinal hemorrhage, fever, and sudden death.
How is Proliferative Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis)
diagnosed?
Fluorescein Antibody Test
Seeing organisms in feces
Necropsy exam with GIT lesions
How is How is Proliferative Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis)
treated?
Exposure and simultaneous therapy with antibiotics
results in immunity
How is How is Proliferative Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis)
controlled and prevented?
Maintaining a closed herd
Rodent control- rats are vectors!
Vaccination- in drinking water, but must neutralize chlorine first!
Lawsonia intracellularis
causes this disease in hamsters
WET TAIL
What is the causative agent of Swine Dysentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteria
How is Swine Dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteria)
transmitted?
Fecal-oral route
Carrier pigs
Rodents- vectors/reservoirs
Clinical disease associated with
Swine Dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteria) usually occurs in
_________ pigs
Growing and Finishing pigs (4 - 6 months old!!)
Describe the feces associated with
Swine Dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteria)
Mucoid diarrhea that progresses to bloody diarrhea,
mixed with mucus and fibrin
How is Swine Dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteria) diagnosed?
PCR test on feces
+ history and clinical signs
Which strains of Salmonella are implicated
in causing GI disease in swine?
S. typhimurium (most common)
S. cholerasuis
GI disease caused by Salmonella
affects ________ pigs most commonly
weanling or feeder pigs
Clinical signs for Salmonellosis in pigs are variable;
can be _______ (affecting multiple systems) or enteric.
Some have respiratory signs, and some may not have diarrhea.
polysystemic
How is diagnosis of Salmonella made in pigs?
Necropsy reveals button ulcers
How is Salmonellosis treated and controlled in pigs?
Management (not overcrowding)
Stress reduction
Sanitation
CONTROL RATS- vector of transmission
What is the causative agent of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs?
Coronavirus
transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)
affects this age group of swine
ALL AGES!
transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)
occurs primarily during the ______ months
when pigs are under ______ stress
winter; cold
How is transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus) spread?
Spread by
Dogs
Cats
BIRDS (STARLING)
What are the 2 types of transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)?
Epizootic TGE
Enzootic TGE
In regards to types of transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus):
________ TGE outbreaks occur occasionally,
runs its course in 2-3 weeks, and occurs
after the introduction of the virus into susceptible herds
Epizootic TGE
In regards to types of transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus):
______ TGE is characterized by a low level of infection always
present in a herd. There is higher morbidity, but lower mortality
of 10 - 20%, because animals are partially immune
Enzootic TGE
What are the 2 principle clinical signs seen with
transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)?
VOMITING and diarrhea
What do you expect to see on necropsy of a pig with
transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)?
Undigested milk in stomach and intestines
Absence of chyle
Describe the pathogenesis of
transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)
Intestinal villi have an inflammatory reaction to TGE virus
leading to destruction of normal villous architecture.
If severe, basement membrane will be exposed, which leads to
fusion of villi. This results in permanent impairment of absorptive capacity by loss of surface area!
How is transmissible gastroenteritis (coronavirus)
prevented and controlled?
Oral vaccination of baby piglets
Minimize cold stress
Exposing gestating sows to virus 3 weeks before farrowing:
feed them dead pigs, manure from sick pigs, placentas from sows infected
