Bovine Renal System

Question 1

Leptospirosis is zoonotic and a huge hazard

for milkers in dairy barns and vets.

What signs are seen in human infection?

Answer 1

Myalgia, aches and pains, fever

Question 2

What are the sources of Leptospirosis?

Answer 2

URINE and wet areas (viable in moist soil for 180 days)

Question 3

Abortions due to Leptospirosis in cows

occur ____ weeks post-infection

Answer 3

3 weeks

Question 4

Calves with Leptospirosis

can die suddenly from

_______ anemia

Answer 4

hemolytic

Question 5

How is Leptospirosis diagnosed?

Answer 5

PCR and MAT (Microscope Agglutination Test)

of urine, blood, tissue

Question 6

How is Leptospirosis treated

and prevented?

Answer 6

Oxytetracycline

Prevented with Multivalent Bacterin Vaccine 2x/year

(only contains 5 of the serovars)

and limited access to low areas with pooled water- swamos and ponds

Question 7

What is the main cause of pyelonephritis in cows?

Answer 7

Corynebacterium renale

Question 8

In cases of pyelonephritis,

renal palpation reveals a painful enlargement of the

______ kidney,

where as on U/S, you can only image the ____ kidney

Answer 8

Palpation- LEFT kidney

U/S- RIGHT kidney

Question 9

How is Pyelonephritis (Corynebacterium renale)

treated in cattle?

Answer 9

Procaine Penicillin G (PPG)

and

Ammonium Chloride (urinary acidifier)

Question 10

This is a disease complex resulting in deposition

of B-pleated fibrils formed from various proteins

in the kidney, liver, and adrenals;

It occurs in cattle > 4 years old and is rare

Answer 10

Amyloidosis

Question 11

What changes do you expect to seen on

CBC/CHEM in cases of Amyloidosis?

Answer 11

Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminemia

Elevated serum CREA and BUN

Question 12

How is Amyloidosis diagnosed?

Answer 12

Renal biopsy

Question 13

This disease is associated with protein loss

and thus, Bottle Jaw and Brisket Edema,

and can be diagnosed via renal biopsy

Answer 13

Amyloidosis

Question 14

IMPORTANT QUESTION:

What are your 7 differentials for

BOTTLE JAW in Cattle?

Answer 14

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Johne’s Disease

Parasites (Ostertagia)

Amyloidosis

Malignant Edema (Clostridium septicum)

High Altitude Disease

Liver Failure

Question 15

________ is an immunologic dz resulting in

deposition of Ag-Ab complexes in the kidney.

It is associated with weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and

generalized edema and diagnosed via renal biopsy

Answer 15

Glomerulonephritis

Question 16

Acute Tubular Necrosis

is seen most commonly when ________

are used to treat neonatal diarrhea

Answer 16

Aminoglycosides

Question 17

How is Acute Tubular Necrosis (d/t Aminoglycoside tx

of neonatal diarrhea) treated?

Answer 17

Mannitol

Dopamine

Furosemide

Question 18

Obstructive Urolithiasis is almost exclusively a disease of males and is related to diet, and overfeeding _____,

which is high in phosphorus

Answer 18

Grain

Question 19

In cases of Obstructive Urolithiasis,

Acidification of urine can reduce

________ uroliths

but does not effect ______ uroliths

Answer 19

In cases of Obstructive Urolithiasis,

Acidification of urine can reduce

struvite uroliths

but does not effect silica uroliths

Question 20

What 3 clinical syndromes are associated with

Obstructive Urolithiasis?

Answer 20

Urethral Obstruction

Urethral Rupture

Urinary Bladder Rupture

Question 21

In cases of Urethral Obstruction in the bovine,

_____ can be seen on the preputial hairs before

the animal actually becomes obstructed.

Answer 21

calculi

Question 22

In cases of Urethral Obstruction in the bovine,

calculi most often lodge at the _________

Answer 22

sigmoid flexure!

Question 23

Urethral Rupture occus near the sigmoid flexure

and urine leakage into the surrounding tissues results in

necrosis and gangrene of tissues

and swelling at this location

Answer 23

Ventral Abdomen

Question 24

T/F:

Uremic animals or animals with a high BUN

are condemned at slaughter

Answer 24

True

Question 25

How is urolithiasis treated?

Answer 25

Antispasmodics (early in dz)

or

Surgery (Urethrostomy, Exploratory Laparotomy)

Question 26

How is urolithiasis prevented?

Answer 26

Add CALCIUM to balance the Ca:P ratio

Add SALT to stimulate water drinking

Ammonium Chloride up to 0.5%

Question 27

The most common renal tumor in cows is

Answer 27

Lymphosarcoma (LSA)