Bovine Renal System Flashcards
Leptospirosis is zoonotic and a huge hazard
for milkers in dairy barns and vets.
What signs are seen in human infection?
Myalgia, aches and pains, fever
What are the sources of Leptospirosis?
URINE and wet areas (viable in moist soil for 180 days)
Abortions due to Leptospirosis in cows
occur ____ weeks post-infection
3 weeks
Calves with Leptospirosis
can die suddenly from
_______ anemia
hemolytic
How is Leptospirosis diagnosed?
PCR and MAT (Microscope Agglutination Test)
of urine, blood, tissue
How is Leptospirosis treated
and prevented?
Oxytetracycline
Prevented with Multivalent Bacterin Vaccine 2x/year
(only contains 5 of the serovars)
and limited access to low areas with pooled water- swamos and ponds
What is the main cause of pyelonephritis in cows?
Corynebacterium renale
In cases of pyelonephritis,
renal palpation reveals a painful enlargement of the
______ kidney,
where as on U/S, you can only image the ____ kidney
Palpation- LEFT kidney
U/S- RIGHT kidney
How is Pyelonephritis (Corynebacterium renale)
treated in cattle?
Procaine Penicillin G (PPG)
and
Ammonium Chloride (urinary acidifier)
This is a disease complex resulting in deposition
of B-pleated fibrils formed from various proteins
in the kidney, liver, and adrenals;
It occurs in cattle > 4 years old and is rare
Amyloidosis
What changes do you expect to seen on
CBC/CHEM in cases of Amyloidosis?
Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminemia
Elevated serum CREA and BUN
How is Amyloidosis diagnosed?
Renal biopsy
This disease is associated with protein loss
and thus, Bottle Jaw and Brisket Edema,
and can be diagnosed via renal biopsy
Amyloidosis
IMPORTANT QUESTION:
What are your 7 differentials for
BOTTLE JAW in Cattle?
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Johne’s Disease
Parasites (Ostertagia)
Amyloidosis
Malignant Edema (Clostridium septicum)
High Altitude Disease
Liver Failure
________ is an immunologic dz resulting in
deposition of Ag-Ab complexes in the kidney.
It is associated with weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and
generalized edema and diagnosed via renal biopsy
Glomerulonephritis
Acute Tubular Necrosis
is seen most commonly when ________
are used to treat neonatal diarrhea
Aminoglycosides
How is Acute Tubular Necrosis (d/t Aminoglycoside tx
of neonatal diarrhea) treated?
Mannitol
Dopamine
Furosemide
Obstructive Urolithiasis is almost exclusively a disease of males and is related to diet, and overfeeding _____,
which is high in phosphorus
Grain
In cases of Obstructive Urolithiasis,
Acidification of urine can reduce
________ uroliths
but does not effect ______ uroliths
In cases of Obstructive Urolithiasis,
Acidification of urine can reduce
struvite uroliths
but does not effect silica uroliths
What 3 clinical syndromes are associated with
Obstructive Urolithiasis?
Urethral Obstruction
Urethral Rupture
Urinary Bladder Rupture
In cases of Urethral Obstruction in the bovine,
_____ can be seen on the preputial hairs before
the animal actually becomes obstructed.
calculi
In cases of Urethral Obstruction in the bovine,
calculi most often lodge at the _________
sigmoid flexure!
Urethral Rupture occus near the sigmoid flexure
and urine leakage into the surrounding tissues results in
necrosis and gangrene of tissues
and swelling at this location
Ventral Abdomen
T/F:
Uremic animals or animals with a high BUN
are condemned at slaughter
True
How is urolithiasis treated?
Antispasmodics (early in dz)
or
Surgery (Urethrostomy, Exploratory Laparotomy)
How is urolithiasis prevented?
Add CALCIUM to balance the Ca:P ratio
Add SALT to stimulate water drinking
Ammonium Chloride up to 0.5%
The most common renal tumor in cows is
Lymphosarcoma (LSA)
