Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LAM 2 Final Exam Practice Questions > Bovine Nervous System > Flashcards

Bovine Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 collection sites

for CSF in the cow?

A

Cistern magna (3.5 in spinal needle under GA)

Lumbosacral (6 - 9 inch spinal needle with local anesthesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the etiology of

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the US?

A

Cows from Canada that were being fed animal proteins,

disease originated in the UK in the 1980s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the causative agent of

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?

A

Prion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This reportable disease is characterized by

an incubation period of

months to years; a transmissible, slowly progressive

CNS disease that looks similar to Scrapie in the sheep.

It is caused by a prion and may have come about

by feeding animal proteins to cows.

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the earliest clinical sign of

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?

A

Flicking ears, twitching eyelids and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the characteristic stance seen in

cows with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?

A

Hind feet far under the body (=proprioceptive issues),

base wide stance, weakness in rear legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What clinical signs do you see in an

animal with

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?

A

Incoordination, excess salivation,

exaggerated responses to auditory stimuli and light!

Weakness in rear legs, base wide stance or

hind legs far under body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy diagnosed?

A

IHC or Western Blot (can be done on a live animal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is responsible for the spread and exposure to

Rabies?

A

Wild animals- skunk, fox, rabbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What states in the US are endemic for Rabies?

A

New York, Connecticut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the incubation period for Rabies?

A

3 weeks to 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What forms of Rabies exists in the bovine,

and which is most common?

A

Paralytic Form (most common)

Dumb Form

Furious Form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A cow in the NE United States is displaying

hypersexuality and bellowing. Bloat and tenesmus

are noted on PE. Owner says she has charged him

and other cows a few times which is abnormal for her.

4 days after getting the call about this cow,

she died from convulsions.

What is your top differential?

A

Rabies (Furious form)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A cow is severely depressed and has not been eating.

Owner has noticed a droopy eyelid (ptosis),

and the cow has been grinding her teeth.

The owner has called because the signs have

gotten worse rapidly over 3 days.

Now, the cow is dribbling urine and seems to be blind.

Owner mentions that when he was out in the field where the cows are kept, he noticed some skunks, and a few cows had been sprayed.

What is your top differential?

A

Rabies (Dumb form)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A cow is all of a sudden ataxic and lame.

The owner first noticed signs 3 days ago and now she’s

recumbent.

When you got there, she was thrashing and displaying

convulsions.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Rabies (Paralytic form)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Rabies diagnosed?

A

FAT test, and by identification of

Negri bodies in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F:

Rabies is a core vaccine for Bovines

A

FALSE

We only vax cows in endemic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the causative agent of Pseudorabies?

A

neurotropic Herpesvirus

(mostly seen in pigs, not cows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pseudorabies in cows most resembles this

other condition, although

sudden death may be the presenting complaint

A

Nervous ketosis, acute encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In cows, Pseudorabies presents as a neurological disease,

but in pigs, it is primarily a ______ disease

A

respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is Pseudorabies prevented in cows?

A

KEEP CATTLE AWAY FROM SWINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis

is also known as

A

BUSS Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the causative agent of

Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis (Buss Disease)?

A

Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis (Buss Disease)

treated in cattle?

A

OXYTETRACYCLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The first sign in this disease is fever. Afterward, depression, excess salivation, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss occur. Nasal discharge and respiratory disease signs due to pleuritis may be seen. Early neurologic signs include stiffness and knuckling at the fetlocks. Calves become uncoordinated but head pressing and blindness are NOT seen.

In the terminal stage, calves are frequently recumbent and may develop opisthotonos.

The course of the disease is usually 10–14 days.

A

Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis (Buss Disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

“Circling Disease” in the bovine is also known as

A

Listeriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the causative agent of Circling Disease?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What forms of Listeriosis (Circling Disease)

are seen in cows?

A

Septicemia

Abortion

Neurologic Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This condition in cows is associated with

silage feeding- moldy and spoiled feed,

especially in the winter months!

A

Listeriosis (Circling Disease)

30
Q

What is the earliest clinical sign

of Listeriosis (Circling Disease)?

A

Early fever which may disappear

31
Q

The most common signs of

Listeriosis (Circling Disease) in cattle is

cranial nerve deficits of nerves

_______ through ______.

A

Cranial nerve deficits:

CN5 through CN12

32
Q

A cow in December presents with a paralyzed tongue hanging out

of its mouth, and a drooping eyelid and lip. It is the only one in the herd with these signs.

On PE, you happen to notice moldy feed sitting out in

the cow field, and the cow is walking in circles.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Listeriosis (Circling Disease)

33
Q

How is Listeriosis (Circling Disease) diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs and CSF exam!

Increase in protein and mononuclear cells in the CSF

Will see microabscesses in the brain.

34
Q

How is Listeriosis (Circling Disease)

treated and prevented?

A

Early ABx at high doses for a week, and lower doses for

2 - 3 weeks after.

Prevented by discarding spoiled moldy feed

35
Q

T/F:

Listeriosis (Circling Disease) is zoonotic

A

TRUE!

Cheese had to be pulled from market

36
Q

Thrombo-Embolic Meningoencephalitis (TEME)

results from septicemia associated with this

agent

A

Histophilus somnus

37
Q

A farmer calls you out to his feedlot farm.

Cows are seen with high fevers and proprioceptive deficits

like knuckling, circumduction, and falling. Head tit,

opisthotonus, and nystagmus are also seen.

Farmer says that before one of the cows died, it

was recumbent and thrashing, beating its head on the ground. He also mentioned that a couple weeks before,

the herd had suffered a respiratory episode,

with dry, harsh coughing.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Thrombo-Embolic Meningoencephalitis (TEME)

38
Q

What changes are seen on the CSF

in Thrombo-Embolic Meningoencephalitis (TEME)?

A

BLOOD contamination of CSF

Xanthochromia (yellow color)

Elevated protein and WBCs

39
Q

How is Thrombo-Embolic Meningoencephalitis (TEME)

treated and prevented?

A

Penicillin and Oxytetracycline

(Vaccine and oxytet feed additives to prevent)

40
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Meningitis in cows?

A

Direct extension of pyogenic infections into the calvarium

from fractures, sinusitis, etc.

Associated with dehorning complications and

colibacillosis in calves due to FPT

41
Q

What are the clinical signs seen in

Meningitis in cows?

A

Stiff neck, hyperaesthesia,

manipulating the head elicits leg movements,

late stages: recumbent and rigid, convulsing- looks like Tetanus

42
Q

What CSF changes are seen in cases of

Meningitis?

A

CSF appears cloudy with

increased protein, cells, and bacteria.

CSF glucose is less than blood glucose

Hard to take CSF because stiff neck

43
Q

A cow presented for treatment of nervous ketosis

and acidemia post-calving.

She was treated with glucose and got better,

but the same signs happened 3 weeks later.

When treated with glucose, no improvements were seen.

A CSF sample was taken and it appeared cloudy

with increased protein, cells, and bacteria.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Meningitis

44
Q

Polioencephalomalacia is also known as

A

Cerebrocortical necrosis

45
Q

What is the cause of

Polioencephalomalacia (Cerebrocortical Necrosis)

in cattle?

A

Defect of THIAMINE metabolism

May occur after changes in diet or overfeeding grain

Overdosing/prolonged feeding of AMPROLIUM

(which is used to tx coccidiosis)

46
Q

A cow presents with neurologic signs

and proprioceptive deficits. NO FEVER was seen on PE,

but increased intracranial pressure was noted.

On necropsy, a brain sample was taken and placed

under UV light, in which fluorescence of areas was seen.

What is your primary ddx?

A

Polioencephalomalacia (Cerebrocortical Necrosis)

47
Q

How is Polioencephalomalacia (Cerebrocortical Necrosis)

treated and prevented?

A

THIAMINE

and tx to reduce increased intracranial pressure:

Furosemide, Mannitol.

Prevent by slowly making diet changes, gradual ration

adaptation

48
Q

What is the acute toxic dose of salt in cattle?

A

2.2 g/kg (but less with water deprivation)

49
Q

What clinical signs are seen in cases of

salt poisoning in cattle?

A

Star-gazing, aggressiveness, seizures,

proprioceptive deficits and GI SIGNS- mucohemorrhagic

diarrhea

50
Q

T/F:

Calves are more sensitive to the effects of lead poisoning

than adult cows

A

FALSE!

Single lethal dose in adults in 200-400 mg,

but 2X that amount in calves!

51
Q

How is lead poisoning diagnosed in cattle?

A

Clinical signs- blindness, headpressing, bruxism

Anemia, and increased porphyrins in blood and urine

52
Q

Increased ______ are seen in the blood and urine

in cases of Lead poisoning in cattle

A

porphyrins

53
Q

How is lead poisoning treated in cattle?

A

Calcium Disodium EDTA given IV

+ Thiamine IV and Magnesium Sulfate PO (chelators)

54
Q

Ryegrass staggers, seen in the south in the summertime,

is due to fungal growth on the grass. How is this

treated?

A

CORTICOSTEROIDS!

55
Q

During a drought, cows are found dead by the side of a pond. Bloody diarrhea and convulsions are seen

in other members of the herd. What is your primary ddx?

A

Blue-Green Algae Toxicosis

56
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Vitamin A deficiency in cows

A

Eating feeds stored for long periods of time;

Activity of carotene is lost when feed is stored too long,

about 80% lost.

57
Q

What clinical signs are seen in

calves and adult cows with

Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Calves- anorexia, diarrhea, pneumonia

Cows- blindness, diarrhea, convulsions

58
Q

Hydrocephalus in neonatal calves is

congenital and caused by this virus

A

BVDV

59
Q

_______ is a glycogen storage disease seen

heriditarily in ANGUS cattle

A

Mannosidosis (rare)

60
Q

Weaver Syndrome is a recessive hereditary disease

seen in this breed of cattle

A

BROWN SWISS

61
Q

What clinical signs are seen in calves with

Weaver Syndrome?

A

Brown Swiss breed.

Born normal but start to lose control of hind limbs and

weave at 1 - 1.5 years old (yearlings)

62
Q

ELSO Heel is also known as

A

Spastic Paresis

63
Q

How is Elso Heel (Spastic Paresis),

seen in both legs, in older yearling calves

treated?

A

Tibial Neurectomy

64
Q

Spastic Syndrome (aka “Crampiness”)

is seen in lots of breeds, but is most common in HOLSTEINS.

Cows stretch out with hind limbs and shiver/shake

for 15 seconds, then are normal again.

This is seen in cows ages _____

A

6 - 12 months old

65
Q

Cervical Vertebral Malformation (CVM)

is recessive in this breed,

in which calves are born dead, or aborted at term

A

Holsteins

66
Q

Arthrogryposis Multiplex is also known as

A

Curly Calf Syndrome

67
Q

Arthrogryposis Multiplex (Curly Calf Syndrome)

is recessive in this breed of cattle, and can

be traced back to one bull named “Precision”

A

ANGUS cattle

68
Q

What clinical sign is seen in animals with

radial nerve paralysis?

A

Knuckling over on front limb

69
Q

This nerve is damaged when a down cow has been

down for a while (milk fever cases), and you will see

knuckling over of the HIND limb

A

Tibial nerve damage

70
Q

What is the treatment for Tetanus,

seen with the use of elastrators for

bloodless castration and tail docking in calves?

A

Clean wound, and Penicillin

71
Q

This is associated with

chewing on the bones of dead animals (the animals response to phosphorus deficiency).

Seen with spoiled silage, and results in complete

flaccid paralysis. HIGH mortality in cattle,

but pigs are resistant

A

Botulism

LAM 2 Final Exam Practice Questions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions