Swine Nutrition Flashcards
_____% of the total cost of swine production is FEED
65 - 70%
What are the 4 factors influencing effectiveness of feeding programs?
Stage of Life Cycle
Non-nutritive additives
Proper feed processing
Storage
These 2 crops can be mixed together and make a great
ration for pigs
Corn meal and Soybean meal
Corn = ENERGY
Soybean = PROTEIN/Amino Acids
Pigs do NOT have a _______ requirement;
Instead, they have an amino acid and nitrogen source requirement
protein
This amino acid is known as the limiting amino acid.
Need to meet the requirements for this, and the rest
of the essential amino acids are given in proportion to this.
LYSINE
Essential amino acids in pigs include
these 9
Lysine
Leucine, Isoleucine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine, Methionine
Phenylalanine
Histidine
______ is the only synthetic amino acid that is price competitive
Lysine (the limiting aa)
_________ sources are the most expensive part of swine diets
Protein sources (soybean meal)
This organization represents the requirements for
normal growth
National Research Council
Feed companies often exceed recommendations by the
National Research Council by
____% of a safety factor
10%
Which fat soluble vitamins are required in pig diets?
A, D, E, K
Which water soluble vitamins are required in pig diets?
B, C
Which fatty acids are required in pig diets?
Only linoleic acid is required
This is the most overlooked nutrient in swine production
WATER
Pigs need _______ of water for every 1lb of feed consumed
4 lbs!
If no water, pigs will not eat feed
What are the non-nutrient feed additives important in pig feed?
Antibiotics, Probiotics
Anthelminthics, Copper Sulfate
Phytase enzyme- help break down phosphorus in soybean meal
What are the life phases in pigs
that require differing nutrients and feed?
Starter phase
Grower and Finisher phase
Gestating Females
Boars
In regards to feed and life stages:
This is the most expensive and complex phase
Starter phase
Piglets are weaned at _____ weeks old
Piglets are weaned at 3 weeks old
In regards to feed and life stages:
When do pigs need to be placed on starter feed?
When they are weaned at 3 weeks old (19 - 21 days)
T/F:
Newly weaned piglets cannot consume enough feed to
meet their energy needs for protein deposition
TRUE
In regards to feed and life stages:
Starter phase diets need to be
high in these 3 categories
High in LACTOSE, FAT, and PROTEIN
T/F:
Keep all pigs being switched to starter diets in the same litter
as to prevent fighting
True
In regards to feed and life stages:
What are the 2 most important components to the
Grower and Finisher Phase?
Keeping temperature in the ideal range
Limit physical stress
In regards to feed and life stages:
What is the ideal temperature range for pigs in the
Grower and Finisher Phase?
70 - 75F
In regards to feed and life stages:
With temperatures ________ in the Grower and Finisher Phase,
feed intake is limited so a nutrient dense diet is recommended
Above 85F
In regards to feed and life stages:
With temperatures ________ in the Grower and Finisher Phase,
you do NOT want to increase fat consumption,
but you may want to increase fiber consumption
Below 70F
In regards to feed and life stages:
The Growing Phase lasts until the pig is _____ lbs.
The Finishing Phase lasts until the pig is ______ lbs.
In regards to feed and life stages:
The Growing Phase lasts until the pig is 80 lbs.
The Finishing Phase lasts until the pig is 240 lbs.
In regards to feed and life stages:
The feed for the Growing Phase
has less of these two components
Growing phase: less milk and less protein
In regards to feed and life stages:
In gestating females and in boars,
you want to avoid obesity and avoid emaciation.
If too fat, the boar may become ________ from increased
fat around the testicles.
sterile
In regards to feed and life stages:
The ideal body condition score (1 - 5)
during lactation and at weaning is _____,
where the backbone is just barely palpable
BCS = 3
In regards to feed and gestating females:
_______ means to increase the energy intake by 50%
prior to breeding.
Flushing
In regards to feed and gestating females:
Flushing works in gilts but NOT in sows to increase
the rate of _________
ovulation
A pig that has not yet farrowed (birthed piglets) is known as a
Gilt
In regards to feed and gestating females:
Once a sow farrows (births a litter of piglets), she is fed
_________ until the piglets wean
ad lib
In regards to feed and gestating females:
Flushing must start _________ before breeding
and stop right after ________
Flushing must start 2 weeks before breeding
and stop right after mating
this increases the ovulation rate and the number of pregnancies
Flushing must start 2 weeks before breeding and stop right after mating.
If feeding at a higher rate continues, there will be a
higher rate of ________
embryonic mortality
In regards to feed and gestating females:
_______ is the number of litters a sow has.
Parity
Low parity eat smaller, slower meals per day
In regards to feed and gestating females:
When is feed consumption maximized?
During lactation!
For milk production and rebreeding
__________ is a problem in baby pigs
which is why you cut them off at birth
Tail-biting
Keep sows in ________ crates so they cannot roll over on top of
the baby pigs
Farrowing crates
