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geography > Sustaining ecosystems info only > Flashcards

Sustaining ecosystems info only Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

biotic and abiotic components interacting with each other

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2
Q

what is interdependence

A

when everything in an ecosystem depends on each other

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3
Q

what is a biome

A

a large scale ecosystem in which unique plants and animals can be found

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4
Q

gimme 3 abiotic factors and 3 biotic factors and 1 reason how they depend on each other

A

answers may vary

  • soil - abiotic
  • sunlight - abiotic
  • water - abiotic
  • flower - biotic
  • ants - biotic
  • grass - biotic

the soil, water and sunlight creates a suitable habitat for ants and grass and flowers to grow. the grass is a source of food for the ants and when the ants die they get turned into nutrients for the grass and plant and the water is a source of water for the ants.

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5
Q

where are coral reefs located in the world

A
  • located in between the 2 tropics
  • most of the coral reef is located in Indonesia, to the North and East of new Zealand
  • the 2nd most is in the Pacific Ocean to the West of South America
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5
Q

where are temperate grasslands located

A
  • located around the subtropics
  • parts of the USA, Uruguay, Kazakhstan and Southern Australia
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6
Q

where are the tropical grasslands located

A
  • between the 2 tropics
  • along the equator
  • most in central Africa and Brazilian Highlands
  • some in Thailand and India
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7
Q

where are temperate forests located

A
  • East of Asia in places like Japan and East of Russia
  • places like mid east of Europe and North America
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8
Q

where are tropical forests located

A
  • between the 2 tropics
  • North of South America
  • Indonesia
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9
Q

where are hot deserts located

A
  • 30 degrees North and South of the equator
  • mostly in the Sahel region, moving into central Asia
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10
Q

where are the polar regions located

A
  • 66.5 degrees North and South of the equator
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11
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the coral reefs

A
  • temperature 22 - 29 degrees Celsius
  • needs clear, shallow water
  • coral is an animal made by polyps
  • food for Hawksbill turtle
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12
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the temperate grasslands

A
  • 38 - 40 degrees Celsius
  • 250 - 750mm rainfall
  • willow and oak tree
  • eagles, hawks, rabbits, wolves, coyotes
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13
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the tropical grasslands

A
  • 32 - 25 degrees Celsius
  • 5 - 300mm of rainfall
  • pampas grass, oak trees
  • lions, elephants, zebra, antelopes, giraffes
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14
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the temperate forests

A
  • 3 - 16 degrees Celsius
  • 50 - 84mm per month
  • Possums, rabbits, mice, elm trees
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15
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the tropical forests

A
  • 24 - 30 degrees Celsius
  • 200 - 1000cm per year
  • monkeys, parrots, tigers, panthers, moss, ferns
16
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the hot deserts

A
  • 45 - (-12) degrees Celsius
  • 20mm per year
  • cacti, rattlesnakes, mice, camels
17
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the Antarctica

A
  • vey little precipitation
  • (-10) - (-60) degrees Celsius
  • Algae, penguins, 2 types of grass
18
Q

what is the climate, flora and fauna in the Arctic

A
  • some precipitation
  • 12 - (-34) degrees Celsius
  • low humidity
  • taiga forests, seals, sea lions, walruses, Narwhals
19
Q

what is the soil like in tropical forests and why

A

the soil there is the poorest in the world due to the nutrients being taken up by the plants and trees so quickly

20
Q

how does the water cycle work in the rainforest

A

1- heavy daily rain
2- evaporation from interception by plants
3- rain reaches the ground but is run off
4- trees uptake the rain
5- water lost from transpiration

21
Q

how does the nutrient cycle work in the rainforest

A

1- leaves are shed by trees and plants
2- leaves are decomposed rapidly
3- nutrients go into the soil
4- nutrients don’t make in far into the soil as they get taken up by trees
5- trees grow

22
Q

what is the soil profile in the tropical forests

A

1- thick litter layer
2- thin dark humus layer
3- mixed soil
4- red soil due to oxides of iron and aluminium
5- hydrated oxides produces a red-yellow colouration
6- rapid chemical weathering produces clay
7- bedrock

23
Q

what are the land and sea features of Antarctica

A
  • 99% of the continent is ice and the rest is weathered rock
  • ice shelves hold back glaciers from going into the sea
  • there’s a mountain range which splits Antarctica into 2, called the transantarctic mountain range
24
Q

what are the land and sea features of Arctic

A
  • large areas of land are permafrost
  • permafrost gets thawed in the summer and filled with water to make lakes
  • there are dramatic icebergs
  • glaciers calve icebergs at their snout to stop them falling into the sea
25
Q

give me information on the biodiversity of Antarctica which includes survivability of biodiversity, overview of biodiversity and threats to biodiversity

A
  • have 1 land creature - the penguin
  • 2 plants
  • a lot more marine creatures
  • katabatic winds remove moisture from plants
  • no soil
  • very cols temperatures (-10) - (-60) degrees Celsius
  • climate change
  • tourism
  • pressure to allow exploitation of minerals
26
Q

the soil composition of Antarctica

A
  • ice layer on top
  • bare weathered rock
27
Q

what are the effects of Logging to tropical forests

A
  • reduces biodiversity
  • timber is harvested to make things like furniture
  • lead to violence between indigenous tribes and logging companies
28
Q

what are the effects of agriculture to tropical forests

A
  • increased carbon emissions
  • increase in palm oil leading to the infertility of soil
  • soil erosion increased due to land being exposed
29
Q

what are the effects of tourism to tropical forests

A
  • tourism leads to building hotels in vulnerable areas
  • leads to negative relationships between indigenous tribes and government
  • human diseases have been passed to apes
30
Q

what are the effects of mineral extraction to tropical forests

A
  • precious metals are found in the rainforest
  • areas mined can lead to soil and water contamination
  • Indigenous people have to move homes as their land is used to build roads to transport products
31
Q

what are some of the benefits of the rainforest

A
  • raw materials like timber and rubber are found there
  • water - controls the flow of water to prevent floods
  • food - bananas, pineapple and coffee is grown there
  • health - 25% of ingredients in modern medicine is found in the rainforest
  • energy - large dams in the rainforest produces 66% of Brazil’s energy
  • climate - stores 15% of the world’s carbon emissions

geography (15 decks)

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