distinctive landscapes info only Flashcards
what are the differences between a natural landscape and human landscape
a human landscape is a landscape influenced by humans such as buildings and roads
a natural landscape is an area of land with no human influenced things
what are the overall distribution of uplands and their characteristics and uses in the UK
- uplands are located in the North and West of the UK.
- the climate is cold and wet and harsh which creates rough vegetation
- the geology is made up of hard rocks
- used for mostly tourism and sheep farming
what are the overall distribution of lowlands and their characteristics and uses in the UK
- located South and East of the UK
- the climate is warm and dry
- mostly made of soft rocks
- lost of people live there and work there with tourists and farmers
what are the overall distribution of glaciated lands and their characteristics and uses in the UK
- located in the West and upmost North of the UK
- the climate is cold temperate
- mostly made up of soft soil
- used for tourism and quarrying
how do geomorphic processes form 3 different types of rocks
- sedimentary rocks are formed when small particles of sand , mud etc. are compressed to form rocks
- metamorphic rocks are formed from heat and pressure
- igneous rocks are formed when lava or magma cool.
how does freeze thaw weathering works
the repeating process where water seeps into a rock and freezes. Since it freezes it expands and so slowly breaks the rock.
what are the 3 types of weathering and give an example for each one
mechanical - freeze thaw weathering
chemical - acid rain breaking down rocks
biological - plants growing and so their roots breaming down their rocks
what are the 4 types of erosion and explain them
abrasion - when 2 rocks rub together breaking each other down
attrition - when 2 rocks hit each other breaking each other down
solution - when small particles are dissolved in water
hydraulic action - the force of water crashing against rocks which causes them to break
what is mass movement
a type or erosion where rocks and loose material fall down a slope (like a landslide)
what are the 2 types of mass movement
- slumping - material moving down a slope with rotation
- slide - material moving down a slope in a straight line
what are the 4 process of transportation of materials
- traction - large particles roll on the bottom of the sea bed
- suspension - small particles are carried along by the water
- saltation - pebbles are bounced along the sea bed
- solution - materials dissolved in water are carried along the water
what is deposition
when the sea or river deposits material
how are caves, arches, stacks and stumps formed
1- cracks appear in headlands which is caused by erosion
2- waves crash in to headland enlarging the cracks
3- repeated erosion causes the cave to enlarge and break through to the other side forming an arch
4- erosion continues and wear away the rock supporting the arch until the arch breaks leaving a separated piece of rock called a stack
5 - the rock supporting the stack wears away causing the top of the stack to break leaving stump
how are headlands and bay formed
1- discordant bay is there (when the sea is perpendicular to the rock type)
2- the soft rock erodes faster than the hard rocks
3- this leaves a bay made of soft rock and headlands made up of hard rock
what is longshore drift and how does it work
- the movement of material down a beach
1- the swash moves diagonally along the beach due to strong winds
2- back wash moves the material straight down due to gravity
how is a spit former
a spit is formed by longshore drift continuing off of a coast
what are some coastal defences
- sea wall - hard engineering
- gabions - a cage with rocks - hard
- rock armour - rocks on the beach- hard
- beach nourishment - eroded beach replaced with sand - soft
- do nothing - pretty simple
- managed retreat - areas are flooded to form salt marshes - soft
how do waterfalls form
1- when there is a change from hard rock to soft rock
2- the softer rock is eroded forming a step in the river channel
3- the softer rocks continue to eroded until it forms a drop
4- the hard rock in the drop is eventually undercut causing an overhang to form and collapse
5- the rocks are then swirled around forming a plunge pool
6- steps 4-5 happen again and again forming a steep sided gorge as the waterfall retreats
how is a v-shaped valley formed
1- the river vertically (downwards) erodes through a landscape creating a deep channel
2- the sides of the channel collapses into the river
3- this process happens over and over again until it forms a v-shaped valley
how is a meander formed
water moving slowly causes deposition to occur whilst on the other side erosion happens as water moves faster there creating a bend called a meander
how is an oxbow lake former
1- a meander has slow water and fast water
2- the slow water deposits its load whilst the fast water erodes it
3- this causes the meander to bend more
4- this happens until the river nearly forms a circle
5- at this point the river breaks through forming a straight river again
6- deposition occurs breaking the meander of the course of the river forming an ox-bow lake
how is a floodplain formed
a river floods and its bank burst causing water and its material to the outside area. the water is drained away leaving the material creating a floodplain
how is a levee formed
during a flood heavy material cant be pushed far so it becomes deposited on the sides of a river bank. this continues to happen forming a levee.
