distinctive landscapes info only

Question 1

what are the differences between a natural landscape and human landscape

Answer 1

a human landscape is a landscape influenced by humans such as buildings and roads
a natural landscape is an area of land with no human influenced things

Question 2

what are the overall distribution of uplands and their characteristics and uses in the UK

Answer 2

• uplands are located in the North and West of the UK.
• the climate is cold and wet and harsh which creates rough vegetation
• the geology is made up of hard rocks
• used for mostly tourism and sheep farming

Question 3

what are the overall distribution of lowlands and their characteristics and uses in the UK

Answer 3

• located South and East of the UK
• the climate is warm and dry
• mostly made of soft rocks
• lost of people live there and work there with tourists and farmers

Question 4

what are the overall distribution of glaciated lands and their characteristics and uses in the UK

Answer 4

• located in the West and upmost North of the UK
• the climate is cold temperate
• mostly made up of soft soil
• used for tourism and quarrying

Question 5

how do geomorphic processes form 3 different types of rocks

Answer 5

• sedimentary rocks are formed when small particles of sand , mud etc. are compressed to form rocks
• metamorphic rocks are formed from heat and pressure
• igneous rocks are formed when lava or magma cool.

Question 6

how does freeze thaw weathering works

Answer 6

the repeating process where water seeps into a rock and freezes. Since it freezes it expands and so slowly breaks the rock.

Question 7

what are the 3 types of weathering and give an example for each one

Answer 7

mechanical - freeze thaw weathering
chemical - acid rain breaking down rocks
biological - plants growing and so their roots breaming down their rocks

Question 8

what are the 4 types of erosion and explain them

Answer 8

abrasion - when 2 rocks rub together breaking each other down
attrition - when 2 rocks hit each other breaking each other down
solution - when small particles are dissolved in water
hydraulic action - the force of water crashing against rocks which causes them to break

Question 9

what is mass movement

Answer 9

a type or erosion where rocks and loose material fall down a slope (like a landslide)

Question 10

what are the 2 types of mass movement

Answer 10

• slumping - material moving down a slope with rotation
• slide - material moving down a slope in a straight line

Question 11

what are the 4 process of transportation of materials

Answer 11

• traction - large particles roll on the bottom of the sea bed
• suspension - small particles are carried along by the water
• saltation - pebbles are bounced along the sea bed
• solution - materials dissolved in water are carried along the water

Question 12

what is deposition

Answer 12

when the sea or river deposits material

Question 13

how are caves, arches, stacks and stumps formed

Answer 13

1- cracks appear in headlands which is caused by erosion
2- waves crash in to headland enlarging the cracks
3- repeated erosion causes the cave to enlarge and break through to the other side forming an arch
4- erosion continues and wear away the rock supporting the arch until the arch breaks leaving a separated piece of rock called a stack
5 - the rock supporting the stack wears away causing the top of the stack to break leaving stump

Question 14

how are headlands and bay formed

Answer 14

1- discordant bay is there (when the sea is perpendicular to the rock type)
2- the soft rock erodes faster than the hard rocks
3- this leaves a bay made of soft rock and headlands made up of hard rock

Question 15

what is longshore drift and how does it work

Answer 15

• the movement of material down a beach
  1- the swash moves diagonally along the beach due to strong winds
  2- back wash moves the material straight down due to gravity

Question 16

how is a spit former

Answer 16

a spit is formed by longshore drift continuing off of a coast

Question 17

what are some coastal defences

Answer 17

• sea wall - hard engineering
• gabions - a cage with rocks - hard
• rock armour - rocks on the beach- hard
• beach nourishment - eroded beach replaced with sand - soft
• do nothing - pretty simple
• managed retreat - areas are flooded to form salt marshes - soft

Question 18

how do waterfalls form

Answer 18

1- when there is a change from hard rock to soft rock
2- the softer rock is eroded forming a step in the river channel
3- the softer rocks continue to eroded until it forms a drop
4- the hard rock in the drop is eventually undercut causing an overhang to form and collapse
5- the rocks are then swirled around forming a plunge pool
6- steps 4-5 happen again and again forming a steep sided gorge as the waterfall retreats

Question 19

how is a v-shaped valley formed

Answer 19

1- the river vertically (downwards) erodes through a landscape creating a deep channel
2- the sides of the channel collapses into the river
3- this process happens over and over again until it forms a v-shaped valley

Question 20

how is a meander formed

Answer 20

water moving slowly causes deposition to occur whilst on the other side erosion happens as water moves faster there creating a bend called a meander

Question 21

how is an oxbow lake former

Answer 21

1- a meander has slow water and fast water
2- the slow water deposits its load whilst the fast water erodes it
3- this causes the meander to bend more
4- this happens until the river nearly forms a circle
5- at this point the river breaks through forming a straight river again
6- deposition occurs breaking the meander of the course of the river forming an ox-bow lake

Question 22

how is a floodplain formed

Answer 22

a river floods and its bank burst causing water and its material to the outside area. the water is drained away leaving the material creating a floodplain

Question 23

how is a levee formed

Answer 23

during a flood heavy material cant be pushed far so it becomes deposited on the sides of a river bank. this continues to happen forming a levee.