global hazards info

Question 1

what is a natural hazard

Answer 1

it’s something which endangers living things but is caused by nature

Question 2

what is a natural event

Answer 2

it’s something which happens due to nature. it can be dangerous or it can’t.

Question 3

what are some example of extreme weather

Answer 3

heatwaves, flooding, thunderstorm, tornado

Question 4

what is an el Niño

Answer 4

an el Niño is when warm water piled around Australia is pushed towards Peru due to the trade winds pushing warm water towards Peru causing cold water from deep in the ocean to rise and gets pushed towards Australia.

Question 5

what causes an el nino

Answer 5

when the trade winds blowing from Peru to Australia get weakened, stopped or reversed.

Question 6

what are the impacts of an el nino

Answer 6

. 30cm sea level rise around Peru. water near Peru also increase in temp by 6-8 degrees Celsius. more rainfall in south America. low air pressure in Peru. Chance of flooding
. colder water near Australia. higher air pressure, drier condition. chance of droughts

Question 7

what causes a la nina

Answer 7

when the trade winds strengthen

Question 8

what is a la nina

Answer 8

when the trade wind strengthen leading to warm water being pushed to Australia and cold water being upwelled towards the coast of south america.

Question 9

what are the impacts of a la nina

Answer 9

3-5 degrees Celsius colder water off the coast of peru. higher risk of droughts at peru. high pressure wind
warmer water in autralia leading to a risk of floods. low pressured winds.

Question 10

what is a drought

Answer 10

its when an area of land doesn’t receive any rain for a long period of time leading to mass amounts of living things to die.

Question 11

name the order of layers of the earth going from the surface to the innermost layer possible.

Answer 11

crust, mantle outer core, inner core

Question 12

what is the crust

Answer 12

a thin layer of rock on the surface of the earth made up of mostly rock

Question 13

what is the mantle

Answer 13

the mantle is the second layer of the earth and it’s made of magma

Question 14

what is the outer core

Answer 14

it’s the third layer of the earth and is made of liquid metal

Question 15

what is the inner core

Answer 15

what is the inner core made up of solid metal like iron and it’s the 4th layer of the earth

Question 16

which is lighter the oceanic crust or the continental crust

Answer 16

the continental crust is lighter as it’s less dense

Question 17

what is a continental crust

Answer 17

crust found under land

Question 18

whats an oceanic crust

Answer 18

crust found under the ocean

Question 19

what are convection currents

Answer 19

currents formed in the mantle caused by the mantle being heated by the outer core causing the heat too rise up and push other bits of the mantle. as it reaches the top it cools then sinks back down which pushes the tectonic plates on the surface

Question 20

what was the continental drift

Answer 20

when convection current pushed the tectonic plates making up Pangea to move; splitting it apart.

Question 21

what was Pangea

Answer 21

it was a super continent formed 200 million years ago.

Question 22

what are convergent plate boundaries

Answer 22

when 2 plates meet and when is forced to rise up and the other forced to go down causing the one going down to burn up.

Question 23

what are collision plate boundaries

Answer 23

when 2 plate boundaries collide and so they both rise up

Question 24

what are divergent plate boundaries

Answer 24

when two tectonic plates move away from each other

Question 25

what are conservative plate boundaries

Answer 25

wen two plates move along side each other

Question 26

what is an earthquake

Answer 26

rumbling beneath the surface of the earth which is caused by the moving of tectonic plates

Question 27

what is a shield volcano

Answer 27

a volcano with a big width and a small height and runny lava

Question 28

what’s a composite volcano

Answer 28

it’s the shape of a cone with steep sides and it’s made up of solidified lava and ashes.
releases poisonous gas

Question 29

what’s a fissure volcano

Answer 29

a small volcano with gentle slopes.

Question 30

what is a caldera

Answer 30

a volcano which creates hole which is then filled by rain to make a lake.

Question 31

how do you know if an earthquake is coming

Answer 31

historic trends - patterns in earthquake rates
radon gas emissions- some gas may be released before an earthquake
animal behaviour- animals can pick up seismic waves made by the earthquake

Question 32

how does the government protect building from falling from an earthquake

Answer 32

shock absorbers at the base of the building, building must be flexible and strong. they also need to have the base isolated in case of collapse

Question 33

how can people know if a volcano is about to erupt

Answer 33

soil or water pH will turn more acidic due to sulphur dioxide.
tiltmeters measure the shape of a volcano to identify bulges before an eruption.
satellite imagery- thermal scanning can identify if the magma is rising
gas emissions- CO2 AND SULFUR DIOXIDE INCREASE BEFORE AN ERUPTION

Question 34

how can people prepare for volcanic eruptions

Answer 34

practice evacuations, have emergency kits with water, clothes, utilities, bandages, gas masks, food and medicine