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Ethan APC Summary of Experience Mock Questions > Sustainability - Summary of Experience > Flashcards

Sustainability - Summary of Experience Flashcards

1
Q

Which buildings require an EPC?

A

All buildings over 50sqm

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2
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting needs of today without compromising needs of future

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3
Q

What is your firms environmental policy?

A
  • Net zero carbon in managed props by 2030
  • Minimised energy + water use
  • Promote reusable material
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4
Q

What is the RICS guidance on sustainability?

A

RICS Professional Standard: Sustainability and commercial property valuation 3rd edition (2021)
RICS sustainability report (2023)

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5
Q

Where do MEES apply?

A

England and Wales

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6
Q

What is the triple bottom line?

A

sustainability framework focusing on people, planet and profit - to have strong impact on world but also benefitting financially

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7
Q

What is the purpose of an EPC?

A

Provides prospective buyers/tenants information on energy efficiency and env impact of property

  • Include improvement recommendations
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8
Q

What is the paris agreement?

A

Signed 22/04/2016

Legally binding climate change treaty that sought to limit global warming to 2 degrees

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9
Q

Who is exempt from EPC?

A
  • Listed buildings / buildings in conservation areas where compliance would alter character/appearance
  • Temp buildings (under 2 years)
  • Buildings to be demolished
  • Places of worship
  • Leases of shorter than 6 months or longer than 99 years
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10
Q

What are the goals under the climate change act 2008. Have there been any updates to this since?

A

UK Framework for cutting emissions - legally binding
- To be net zero by 2050
- 80% carbon reduction by 2030 - 1990 levels

New 2019 Climate Change Act update
- Must be 100% lower carbon than 1990 baseline (was 80% in original 2008 act)

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11
Q

What are the benefits of using EVORA for sustainability reporting?

A
  • Integrate sustainability into PM
  • Increased sustainability awareness
  • Assists in improving sustainability within props
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12
Q

What is BREEAM?

A

Environmental assessment method and rating system for buildings and large-scale developments

  • Aims to assess, improve and certify the sustainability of buildings based on their environmental, social, and economic impacts
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13
Q

Advantages of BREEAM?

A
  • Increased asset value - 20% premium on prices
  • Reduced operating costs
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14
Q

What does the NPPF say about sustainable development?

A

Provides framework so locally prepared plans can provide sufficient housing toward sustainable development

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15
Q

What do you think is the future of sustainability within property?

A
  • Sustainable building standard proliferation - Intertwining with the use of smart building systems
  • Collaboration between landlords and tenants
  • Smart cities - collaborations between building types based on their use etc
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16
Q

What is the Kyoto protocol?

A

1997 target (effective 2005) linked to UN framework on convention on climate change that committed parties to binding emissions reduction targets
- 5% reduction from 1990 levels

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17
Q

How would you find an EPC?

A

Non-domestic option on Gov. site

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18
Q

How can people be more sustainable?

A
  • Reduce, reuse, recycle
  • Travel smart
  • Limit plastic consumption
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19
Q

What is the energy savings opportunity scheme?

A

Mandatory energy saving scheme for large businesses, amended in 2023
- These businesses conduct energy audits and measure consumption
- 4 yearly energy assessments
- Reported to environment agency

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20
Q

How can carbon reductions and energy efficiency savings be made in buildings

A

design, construction, use, refurbishment - Across all stages of its life

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21
Q

What is the renewable heat incentive?

A

UK Gov scheme to encourage uptake of renewable heat tech amongst householders (financial incentives)

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22
Q

How can you be more sustainable (at work and home)?

A
  • Turn off plugs (screens)
  • Minimise shower time
  • Recycle
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23
Q

How is RICS committed to sustainability?

A

Annual Sustainability Report 2023
- Need for suitable strategies to meet net zero
- Global benchmark for climate and climate sustainability practice
- High costs and return on an investment barriers for sustainability

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24
Q

How does BREEAM work?

A

Assesses buildings based on a range of criteria:
- Energy
- Health + Wellbeing
- Management
- Pollution
- Land use
- Materials
- Water
- Waste

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25
Q

How does improving the EPC of the units at Croxley Park ensure that the letting ability of these units is improved?

A
  • Energy compliance
  • Reducing operating costs for LL and tenant
  • Increased environmental value
  • Attracting high quality tenants - bigger companies have more energy reporting requirements
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26
Q

Can you talk me through what IBOS is and its success?

A

Smart building system
- Enables automation and optimisation of buildings operations
- Enhanced occupier and maintenance interfaces delivered through mobile app
- Data sharing and analytics to spot energy use trends

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27
Q

When can a MEES exemption be applied for?

A
  • High cost - if cheapest improvements more than £3,500 (Domestic property only)
  • All improvements made and still an E
  • Devaluation - recommended improvement to reduce market value
  • 7 year payback - Energy improvement more expensive than energy savings over 7 year period

Lasts for 5 years

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28
Q

What is ESG?

A

Environmental, Social governance

  • Criteria establishing framework for assessing impact of a companys sustainability and ethical practices on its financial performance and operations
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29
Q

What is the UK’s current target for sustainability?

A

Net zero by 2050

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30
Q

What is a display energy certificate (DEC)?

A

Show energy performance of public buildings. £500 fine if not displayed (Rating A-G)
- Must have total floor area of over 250sqm
- Last 1 year for buildings over 1k sqm
- Last 10 years for buildings over 250sqm

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31
Q

What is CSR?

A

Corporate social responsibility - Helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders and the public

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32
Q

How does the Brundtland Report relate to sustainability within property?

A
  • Balances both present and future needs - especially the case for housing and provision of public facilities
  • Resource efficiency - Reduced use of energy and water and careful management of these

long-term thinking of property lifecycle - Not an asset that is just thrown away after X amount of years

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33
Q

How is ESG measured?

A

BREEAM, LEED, MEES

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34
Q

What is a climate change levy?

A

Tax charged on energy businesses use

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35
Q

What are the penalties for not complying with MEES?

A

Fines for non-compliance
- Less than 3 months (Cannot exceed greater of £5k or 10% of RV up to £50k cap)
- More than 3 months (Cannot exceed greater of £10k or 20% of RV up to £150k cap)

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36
Q

What did the 2015 Infrastructure Act say about climate change?

A
  • Facilitated development of renewable energy projects - e.g. cycling. walking investment strategies and renewable heat incentives
  • More rights for fracking under the land without notifying owners
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37
Q

What is LEED?

A

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
- Framework for health design and efficient buildings

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38
Q

What is a green lease?

A

Form of lease including clauses related to buildings env performance - Not binding but dark and light clauses

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39
Q

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

A
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40
Q

What is a carbon budget?

A

5 yearly carbon budgets set by UK Gov - Restricting amount of GHG UK can emit over 5 year period

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41
Q

Who pays for contamination?

A

Polluter pays - Developer liable if no specific polluter

42
Q

How long is an EPC valid for?

A

10 years from date of issue

43
Q

What is included in an EPC?

A
  • Energy efficiency rating
  • Env impact (co2 rating)
  • Esimated energy costs
  • Recommendations
44
Q

Can you tell me something you recommended off the back of EVORA reporting?

A
  • Recommended clients to reduce plant running times based off low occupation during late 2022 and slow return to the office
45
Q

What is a heat network?

A

Supply heat from central source to consumers via network of underground pipes carrying hot water

46
Q

What is the energy act 2011

A
  • Introduced 2015 MES
  • Unlawful to let props less than an E - 1st April 2018
47
Q

What is net zero?

A

Balance between greenhouse gas used and greenhouse gas removed from atmosphere

48
Q

Explain your understanding of COP26?

A

2021 UN climate change conferences
- Private investment towards net zero
- All UK firms to provide net zero plan by 2023
- Provided strong framework for how paris goals will be met

49
Q

Can you give me some renewable energy options?

A
  • Wind power
  • Solar power
  • Hydropower
50
Q

Who do heat networks apply to?

A

Public buildings, shops, offices, homes etc

51
Q

What are the limitations of sustainability?

A

Cost, sustainability alternative (fossil fuel)

52
Q

What is an SKA rating?

A

RICS environmental assessment standard measuring the sustainability of building fit-outs
- Gold, silver, bronze

53
Q

How does an EPC impact value?

A

Better EPC (A - B)
- Energy cost savings
- Marketability - Especially to larger companies who have environmental goals and have requirements as part of energy savings opportunity scheme

54
Q

What is an EPC?

A

Measure of a buildings energy efficiency/performance

55
Q

How can buildings impact the environment?

A

Poorly designed and built buildings increase energy use
- 40% of global emissions from built env

56
Q

When do you need to show an EPC?

A

When building is constructed, sold or rented

57
Q

What is contamination?

A

Something made impure by contact with something harmful

58
Q

Can you give me some examples of sustainable property management?

A
  • Green leases
  • Installation of sustainable features e.g. pv panels, green walls
  • Educating tenants - posters or interactive sessions to equip tenants with practical tools
59
Q

What are the key dates for MEES?

A

1st April 2023 - Unlawful to let F or G
1st April 2027 - Unlawful to let D
1st April 2030 - Unlawful to let C

60
Q

When did MEES first come into effect?

A

1st April 2018

61
Q

What did the 1987 Brundtland Report say about sustainability?

A

Said poverty in South and non-sustainable patterns of consumption in North have caused critical global env problems

62
Q

How do MEES impact your role as a PM?

A

Not so much PMS but our clients
- Landlords to incur costs by making improvements as EPC regulations
- Landlord potentially incurring fines if non compliance

63
Q

Can you talk me through strategies that have been implemented to improve energy ratings within properties under your management?

A

Croxley Park
- Changed from gas to electricity heating system - C to B rating
- Guided by independent energy consultant - phase out of gas

64
Q

Which buildings are exempt from requiring an EPC?

A
  • Places of worship
  • Temporary props (under 2 years)
  • Detached buildings - Under 50sqm
  • Buildings due to be demolished - need planning
65
Q

When can a landlord let a building with an EPC F or G?

A

If registered on the PRS exemptions register
- Lease of less than 6 months or over 99 years
- If all improvements made but still below an E
- If something prevents landlord carrying out improvements e.g. local authority
- If it can be shown improvement works will decrease value of property by over 5%

66
Q

Have you procured an EPC?

A

Yes - Foundry Lane I instructed an EPC assessor to attend site. Gave tenant prior notice etc and assessor collected relevant data and used standardized software to produce EPC

67
Q

What happened to the code for sustainable homes?

A

It was withdrew in 2015 - Some of these standards were incorporating into binding building regulations

68
Q

Can you take me through the 2023 MEES regulation changes?

A
  • Extended to existing tenancies of most commercial properties
  • Requirement that rented listed and buildings in conservation areas to have an EPC
  • Introduced property compliance and exemptions database - Operated by a third party
69
Q

Define sustainable property management?

A

Management using sustainable building initiatives e.g. use of green leases, building management systems, design features, educating tenants

70
Q

When was BREEAM established?

A

1990

71
Q

How will the UK meet its current sustainability target?

A

Roll out of key low carbon technology, tree planting, renewable energy generation

72
Q

What is the NPPF?

A

National Planning Policy Framework - latest December 2023 (Sets out gov land use planning policies)

73
Q

Can you give me an example of a good sustainable design feature?

A
  • Insulation
  • Good use of natural light
  • PV Panel
  • Green roofs
74
Q

What did Rishi Sunak announce in September 2023 regarding the UK’s Net Zero target?

A
  • Delayed ban on sale of diesel and petrol cars to 2035 from 2030
  • Also pushed back on sale ban of fossil fuel boilers to 2035 from 2025
75
Q

What is the Brundtland Report

A

1987 UN Report - Our Common Future
- Defined sustainable development and three pillars: Environ, economy, social
- Examined key environmental issues the world faced
- Raise an understanding and commitment

76
Q

What is GRESB?

A

Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark - Established framework for monitoring ESG performance
- Score represented out of 100

77
Q

What’s the penalty for letting a property with no EPC?

A

Depends on the situation but can be up to £5k

78
Q

What is in the 2023 Energy Act?

A
  • Offshore wind power
  • Increased competition amongst utility suppliers
  • Focus on carbon capture/storage
  • Will need further secondary legisltation to see effects of this
  • Overall aim to help UK reach NZ by 2050
79
Q

Are MEES exemptions transferrable?

A

No not on a property sale

80
Q

What is a REGO?

A

Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin
- Provides transparency to consumers regarding the proportion of electricity that suppliers source from renewable electricity

81
Q

What does BREEAM stand for?

A

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method

82
Q

What do you know about the RICS Professional Standard: Whole Life Carbon Assessment for the Built Environment, 2nd ed 2023?

A

It is seeking to harmonise the global approach to whole life carbon assessments and decarbonise the environment by providing two new guides

83
Q

What are the three scopes of carbon emissions?

A

Scope 1 - Emissions from sources your organisation owns/controls
Scope 2 - Emissions company causes indirectly (e.g. energy purchased and used)
Scope 3 - Emissions not produced or made from assets owned by business but down value chain)

84
Q

What is the G in ESG?

A

Stands for governance and how a company manages its business in a responsible way (certain policies towards social and environmental benefit)

85
Q

What is BNG?

A

Biodiversity Net Gain (Must be 10% increase in the previous biodiversity on the land)
- To be maintained for at least 30 years after development

86
Q

What is the law relating to BNG?

A

Became law under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, February 2024 update

87
Q

What is required under heat network regulations?

A

Operators of heat networks must submit notifications for the heat networks they operate and install metering devices on those networks

88
Q

What are the heat network regulations?

A

The Heat Network (Metering and Billing) Regulations 2014 - Seek to drive energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions from heating through installation of metering devices and billing based on consumption

89
Q

What are the pillars of sustainability?

A

Environmental - protecting the environment for the future whilst protecting
Social - focus on wellbeing of people and communities
Economic - Focuses on equity between economic growth, resource efficiency, and social equity

90
Q

What is COP 28?

A

UN Conference of Parties (COP) on climate change
- First global stocktake of Paris Agreement goals
- Showed we not meeting targets
- Govts must accelerate away from fossil fuels

91
Q

What is the Environmental Protection Act 1990?

A
  • Increased control on pollution from industrial and waste management
  • Waste must be stored in such a way that it does not pollute or cause harm
92
Q

What is streamlined energy and carbon reporting (SECR)?

A
  • Replaced Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) in 2019
  • Measures companies overall greenhouse gas emissions/carbon footprint
  • Report to Companies House
93
Q

What is CRREM?

A

Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor
- Risk Assessment tool for decarbonisation of real estate
- Benchmarking tool to contribute to energy efficiency investments

94
Q

Is there any RICS documents relating to intelligent buildings?

A

RICS Practice Information: International Building Operation Standard, 1st Ed, Feb 2022

  • Seeks to support buildings to be more compliant, functional, economic, sustainable and better performing
  • Allows for the measurement of building performance across a range of categories - Use of raw and real-time data
95
Q

What are the 5 pillars of RICS IBOS?

A

Compliance - with legislation, best practice (C02 level)

Economics - Costs, maintenance records

Functionality - occupancy levels, failure incidence

Sustainability - kwh energy consumed, waste disposal, water consumption

Performance - well-being, user experience,

96
Q

What sustainability element did the new Labour budget bring in?

A

Funding for the new company ‘Great British Energy’
- Publicly owned company
- Budget of £125m in 2025-2026 alongside initial capitalisation of £8.3bn announced early 2024

97
Q

What is the Fitwell scheme?

A

A certification scheme for buildings that promote healthy and sustainable design, construction and operation
- Focus on health centric areas
- Occupant food, safety, physical health, productivity, reduced absenteeism

98
Q

What are the levels of BREEAM?

A

Acceptable to pass
Good
Very Good
Excellent to outstanding

99
Q

How did you assess the potential increase in value at Croxley Park when the rating improved from a D to a B?

A

I would use the comparable method to assess the price of properties with similar characteristics at D and B ratings to asses this.

100
Q

What is outlined in RICS Professional Standard: Sustainability and ESG in commercial property valuation and strategic advice (Dec 21, Effective Jan 22)?

A
  • Addresses the role of the valuer
  • Highlights VPGA 8 (Valuation of real property interests) – Valuers should assess sustainability features on the properties value
  • Advice to valuers on reporting on ESG/Sustainability within valuation, should be able to justify. (purpose, basis, approach)
101
Q

Do you know of any new meetings regarding sustainability and environmental goals this week?

A

Yes. COP29
- There is a focus on this finance and capitalising on poorer countries poor environmental sustainability and mitigation of GHGs
- UK 81% emissions reduction target by 2035
- UN secretary said 2024 had been masterclass in climate destruction

Ethan APC Summary of Experience Mock Questions (17 decks)

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