Survival Guide Flashcards
C5 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Deltoid (shoulder abduction)
Reflex - Bicep tendon
Sensory - Lateral upper arm
C6 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Bicep, extensor carpi ulnaris
Reflex - Brachioradialis
Sensory - Radial forearm, thumb and index finger
C7 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Triceps, flexor carpi ulnaris/radialis
Reflex - Trcieps
Sensory - Middle finger
C8 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Finger flexion (grip)
Reflex - None
Sensory - Ulnar forearm, ring and little finger
T1 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Interossei (finger abduction)
Reflex - None
Sensory - Upper medial forearm and medial arm
L2 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Psoas
Reflex - None
Sensory - Anterio-med thigh
L3 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Quads
Reflex - None
Sensory - Medial thigh around knee
L4 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Tibialis anterior (dorsiflex and foot inversion)
Reflex - Patellar
Sensory - Medial foot
L5 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - EHL
Reflex - None
Sensory - Dorsum foot
S1 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - Gastrocnemius, peroneus longus and brevis (foot eversion)
Reflex - Achilles
Sensory - Lateral foot
S2,3,4 myotome (motor, reflex, sensory)
Motor - External bladder sphincter
Reflex - Bulbocavernosus
Sensory - Perianal area
P1 ICP waveform
Percussion wave, arterial systolic pressure wave
P2 ICP waveform
Tidal wave, reflects brain compliance, vasomotor paralysis, brain swelling or edema
Normally about 80% of P1
Elevated with poor compliance
P3 ICP waveform
Dicrotic wave, aortic valve closure
Increased and becomes one with venous ‘A’ wave in increased ICP
Lundberg A waves
AKA plateau waves are mean waves > 50mmHg lasting 5-20 minutes which then returns to slightly elevated baseline
Reflects maximally dilated vessels d/t low CPP triggering brainstem response and increased MAP
Reflects ischemia
Lundberg B waves
AKA pressure wave
Lower peaks pressure 20-50 mmHg, lasting between 30 seconds to 3 minutes
Due to respiratory changes and changes in CBF
Lundberg C waves
Preterminal waves, mean wave
Normal PbO2 values
Normal is around 30 mmHg (when treating, keep above 20-30 mmHg)
PbO2 values indicating ischemia
Less than 15
Frazier’s point location
6 cm up from the inion, 3-4 cm off midline