Flash card review
What is the origin and branches of the mengingohypophyseal trunk?
Origin: usually arises from the posterior aspect of the central third of the posterior bend of the ICA at the level of the dorsum sella.
Branches: tentorial artery (Bernasconi and Cassinari), the dorsal meningeal artery, and the inferior hypophyseal artery.
Alpha motor neurons are most commonly found in which Rexed lamina?
Rexed lamina IX, which is located in the ventral motor areas of the gray matter.
Fibers in layer 1 (Rexed lamina)
Marginal zone, fast pain (A-delta) and temperature fibers.
Fibers in layer 2 (Rexed lamina)
Substantia gelatinosa, slow pain (C fibers)
Fibers in layer 4 (Rexed lamina)
Nucleus propius, interneurons to thalamus
Fibers in layer 7 (Rexed lamina)
Contains the zona intermedia
Fibers in layer 9 (Rexed lamina)
Alpha and gamma motor neurons
The dentate nucleus receives its blood supply from the:
SCA (also supplies the other deep cerebellar nuclei and SCP)
What is the location of the nucleus accumbens?
The nucleus accumbens is located in the rostral and basal forebrain at the point where the head of the caudate meets the putamen.
What is the line of Gennari?
Subcortical white matter tract in the occipital lobe that carries visual fibers.
Vascular territory of the anterior choroidal artery?
AchA supplies the optic tract and the inferior portion of the posterior limb of the internal capsule
Vascular territory of the ophthalmic artery?
The ophthalmic artery supplies the retina via the central retinal artery and the dura mater of the planumsphenoidale via the ethmoidal branches.
Distal to the brainstem, how many segments does the facial nerve have?
The facial nerve consists of five segments: cisternal, meatal, labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid.
Winging of the scapula may result from injury to what 3 nerves and their corresponding muscles?
- Long thoracic nerve - serratus anterior.
- Dorsal scapular nerve - rhomboid.
- Spinal accessory - trapezius.
What is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?
Purely motor which supplies the levator scapule and the major and minor rhomboids.
What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?
Base: 1st rib.
Anterior: Scalenus anticus.
Posterior: Scalenus medius.
Injury to the radial nerve proximal to the elbow results in what?
- Paralysis of brachioradialis.
- Complete wrist drop.
- Digital extensor paralysis.
- Sensory deficit over dorsum of the radial side of the hand.
What ligament forms the boundary of the cubital tunnel floor?
Ulnar collateral ligament.
What ligament forms the boundary of the cubital tunnel roof?
The roof of the cubital tunnel is the arcuate ligament (aka Osborne’s ligament) connecting the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon.
What 3 sites along the median nerve are potential points of compression?
- Between the two heads of the pronator teres.
- Beneath the lacertus fibrosus (bicipital aponeurosis).
- Beneath the tendinous origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
Lordosis in the cervical spine approximates:
The normal cervical spine approximately 14.4 degrees of lordosis from C2 to C7.
Arterial supply to the pituitary?
Most pituitary arterial flow is from both the inferior hypophyseal artery (from the meningohypophyseal artery) and the superior hypophyseal artery (from the supraclinoid ICA).
What does the transverse crest separate?
The transverse crest separates the facial nerve and superior vestibular nerve from the cochlear and inferior vestibular nerve.
What does Bill’s bar separate?
Bill’s bar separates the facial nerve from the superior vestibular nerve.