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Peripheral Nerve - ENC Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of neurapraxia

A
  1. Axonal continuity maintained with intact connective tissue elements.
  2. Myelin may be disrupted.
  3. Associated with local conduction block.
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2
Q

Definition of axonotmesis

A
  1. Axonal and myelin disruption.

2. Wallerian degeneration followed by regeneration within distal segment along intact endoneurial conduits.

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3
Q

Definition of neurotmesis

A
  1. Complete nerve transection.
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4
Q

At what rate do axons regenerate?

A
  1. 1-2mm/day or approximately 1 inch/month.
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5
Q

What are the 5 terminal nerves of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. Musculocutaneous.
  2. Axillary.
  3. Radial.
  4. Median.
  5. Ulnar.
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6
Q

What two nerves branch directly from cervical roots of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) to rhomboids and levator scapulae.
  2. Long thoracic nerve (C5-7) to serratus anterior.
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7
Q

What roots form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. C5 and C6.
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8
Q

What terminal nerves branch directly from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. Suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius.
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9
Q

What root forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. C7 root.
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10
Q

What roots form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. C8 and T1
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11
Q

What forms the lateral cord and what are its branches?

A
  1. Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks form the lateral cord.

Branches:

  1. Lateral pectoral n. (C5-7).
  2. Musculocutaneous n. (C5-7).
  3. Lateral contribution to the median n.
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12
Q

What forms the medial cord and what are its branches?

A
  1. Anterior division of the inferior trunk forms the medial cord.

Branches:

  1. Medial pectoral n. (C8-T1).
  2. Medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous n.
  3. Ulnar nerve (C7-T1).
  4. Medial contribution to the median n.
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13
Q

What forms the posterior cord and what are its branches?

A
  1. All three posterior divisions form the posterior cord.

Branches:

  1. Upper and lower subscapular n. (C5-6).
  2. Thoracodorsal n. (C6-8).
  3. Axillary n. (C5-6).
  4. Radial n. (C5-T1).
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14
Q

What is the “benediction sign”?

A
  1. Absent flexion of radial three digits due to the loss of thenar muscles, FPL, and lateral half of lumbricals.
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15
Q

What is anterior interosseus syndrome?

A
  1. Pure motor syndrome involving weakness of FPL, FDP 1 and 2, and pronator quadratus.
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16
Q

What is the classic finding of anterior interosseus syndrome?

A
  1. Patient cannot make an “O” due to inability to flex thumb at IP join and index and DIP joint.
17
Q

What is posterior interosseus syndrome?

A
  1. Pure motor syndrome involving finger extensor paralysis (finger drop), with weakness of wrist extension only in ulnar direction.
18
Q

What spinal nerve roots form the lumbar plexus?

A
  1. Usually T12-L4.
19
Q

What spinal nerve roots form the sacral plexus?

A
  1. Usually L5-S4.
20
Q

What are the major nerves given off by the lumbar plexus?

A
  1. Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal (L1).
  2. Genitofemoral (L1-2).
  3. Femoral (L2-4).
  4. Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-3).
  5. Obturator (L2-4).
21
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A
  1. Iliacus.
  2. Psoas.
  3. Quadriceps femoris.
  4. Sartorius.
22
Q

What are the major nerves given off by the sacral plexus?

A
  1. Sciatic (L4-S3).

2. Pudendal (S2-4).

23
Q

What is supracondylar process syndrome?

A
  1. Entrapment of the median nerve at the distal humerus under the ligament of Struthers.
  2. Pronator teres weakness distinguishes this from more distal entrapments.
24
Q

What is the difference between the ligament of Struthers and the arcade of Struthers?

A
  1. The ligament of Struthers extends from the supracondylar process of the distal humerus to the medial epicondyle and forms a potential site of compression of the median nerve and brachial artery.
  2. The arcade of Struthers is a fascial arcade of the intermuscular septum that the ulnar n. traverses on its course from the anterior to the posterior compartment of the arm.
25
Q

What is the arcade of Frohse?

A
  1. Fibrous proximal border of the supinator muscle that acts as a tight band under which the posterior interosseus n. passes to enter the supinator muscle between its superficial and deep heads.
  2. Most common site of compression in posterior interosseus n. syndrome.

NS (25 decks)

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