Surveillance And Reporting Internationally

Question 1

What is a reportable and notifiable disease?

Answer 1

> reportable
- statutory requirement of the lab where a sample is confirmed to report disease
notifiable
- statutory requirement to report a suspicion of a clinical case

Question 2

Where do you report a suspicion of a notifiable of disease

Answer 2

local animal health office details from Animal plant and health agency

Question 3

Should you report zoonotic disease in people humans?

Answer 3

• employers self employed and property owners have duty to report
• probably should anyway

Question 4

How does import from European and outside Europe animals changed over time?

Answer 4

• more imports from further afield

- more exports to further afield than Europe too.

Question 5

Outline reporting pathways

Answer 5

> OIE (world animal health organisation)
- collects and publishes official data on animal disease occourence 
- notifiable disease list etc. Regularly updated 
- diagnostic tests and disease control 
- signed agreement with world trade organisation in case of race disputes 
> APHA
> public health England 
> FAO 
- EMPRES : emergency prevention system 
- food safety and food chain 
- world hunger 
> WHO 
- UN coordinators for health 
- global health atlas 
- GLEWS : global early warning system 
> EFSA 
- risk assessment and analysis 
- independent source of scientific advice 
- European agency 
> ECDC (European centre disease prevention and control) 
- human health infectious disease  
- surveillance and early warning 
- TESSy

Question 6

Why may data collated by these organisations not be wholly reliable?

Answer 6

Lot relies on self reporting and good surveillance programmes which may be of different standards!!

Question 7

What are the majority of these companies aimed at?

Answer 7

Protecting trade!! And maybe human health - animal health just a byproduct of this really

Question 8

What is surveillance

Answer 8

Watching trends with a Threshold for action (intervention and disease management blends into this)

• systemisation continuous repeated measurement, collation, analysis, Internet and timely dissemination of animal health and welfare related data from defined populations
• used to describe health hazard occourence
• contributes to the planning, implementation and evacuation of risk mitigation actions