Post Mortem Inspection red meat Flashcards
Do you have to reject pneumonia cows? Main causes cranial pneumonia in cattle?
No just reject lungs
- main cuases viruses and mycoplasma spp.
- tumours likely spread throughout
- bacteria spread all over as 2*
- parasites (dictyocaulus) very distinctive appearance?
Can terminal emphysema be consumed?
- seen with resp distress, fog fever, ketofen toxicity etc. not contagious
- cat 3
Pericarditis category
- reject heart category 3
- rarely cs antemortem
- if pyrexic reject whole carcasse as generalised, otherwise rest of carcasse ok
Endocarditis category
- cat 2 as suggests pyaemia or septicaemia to seed it
- needs tx before being used for pet food/fertiliser etc.
Which parasite affects dogs and cattle, is zoonotic and has multiple scolexes? What category would this be?
Echinococcus granulosis
- hydatic cysts (thin walls, clear liquid, MULTIPLE SCOLECES only one)
- cat 2 as infects dogs so cannot be consumed by them
Which parasites has a human IH
- cystercercus bovis (taenia saginata) a cestode
How can abnormal fasciola hepatica migration be distinguished?
- cysts thick
Which tapeworm affects sheep?
- cysticercus tenuicollis
- single scolex (larva)
What is the bovine lungworm? Appearance and categorisation?
- dictyocaulus spp.
- characteristic appearance
- rice noodles and consolidated bottom lobes
- doesn’t infect anyone so cat 3
- but tell farmer as can kill heifers d/t resp distress
Lungworm path. Public health concern?
- rice noodels and consolidation bottom of lung
- doesn’t affect anyone(?)
Is Liver fluke a public health risk? Category?
- no (IS zoonotic but not through meat, seen middle east from swimming in infected water or infected watercress)
- just an animal health risk
- cat 3 pet food
Fatty liver categorisation
- cat 3 pet food
Commonest cause of liver abscess in adult cattle ? Calves?
- traumatic reticulitis
- ruminitis
> calves : joint I’ll or naval ill
Amyloidosis appearance path. Category?
- rough surface, discoloured,
- 2* to anything causing pyeamia
- but only classified as category 3 (pet food) as not infectious itself
Interstitial nephritis category
- cat 3 unless caused by Leptospira (general lyrexia etc.) then whole carcasse rejected
Most likely cause of pyeloneohritis. Category?
UTI
- cat 2 as infectious
Renal cysts category
Category 3 just not nice flavour - animals don’t care
What can IM injection cause?
Abscess
Abscess category
- category 2 for whole meat cut (eg. Rump)
- rest of carcasse ok
When can newborn animals be sent for slaughter?
~1 week when the naval is dry
Main causes of cranial pneumonia in cattle. Category
- viruses (IBR, PI, syncytial viruses, BVD)
- mycoplasma
(Stay in cranial lobes) - parasites go caudal lobes as heavy go to bottom
- bacteria everywhere
- tumours can spread all over
> pet food cat 3 unless ABSCESSES then need further work up - carcasse oki only need to cat the organ
Conventional PM meat inspection
- visual inspection (only visual for pigs)
- palpation and incision of offals and carcass
> NB hazards of cutting abscess etc.
> not effective for detecting most microbiological hazards (move towards visual inspection only)
> risk based approach should take into account food chain information (FCI) and AM findings
Competent authorities
> FSA - meat inspectors (MIs) - official vet (OV) > APHA > trading standards
Outline decision tree of OV meat inspection
> abnormal
- common condition can be rejected by MI
- rarer detailed PM by OV -> conditional approval or total condemnation
normal
- fit for human consumption
What does all meat fit for human consumption need?
> oval health mark
- country
- approval no slaughterhouse
good for traceability, assurance food controls, food safety
When is meat considered unfit at PM
- no AM inspection
- derived from animals failing AM inspection
- offals or carcasse no PM inspection
- notifiable disease (NB only if generalised, can eat TB cows as localised lesion)
- zoonotic disease
- does not meet microbiological criteria
- emaciation
- residues
- IV radiation
- foreign bodies
- poor bleeding
- boar taint
Categories of animal by product
> parts of carcasse unfit for human consumption to be disposed according to EC regs
1 - high risk + specified risk materials (SRM)
2 - high risk
3 - low risk
What are edible byproducts
- parts of slaughtered animal unfit for human consumption at time of production but can be processed for use in human food
- eg.
- rendered animal fat and grease
- treated stomachs bladders and intestine
- gelatine
- collagen
cat 1
- marked fisk for public health
- to be stained with PATENT BLUE V and incinerated at licensed premises
> eg - TSE associated (SRM spinal cord of cows)
- digoxins, lead contaminated meat
- animal tx with illegal substances
- ruminants DOA
- zoo and circus animal carcasses
- wild animals infected with zoonotic or animal pathogens
cat 2
- risk for human and animal health, not fit for sonsumption by either
- to be stained with BRILLIANT BLACK and rendered [^temp, ^ pressure, converts waste tissue into stable, value added materials - treated and then put into pet food maybe?? check]
> eg - pig and poultry DOA avian influenza risk (exempt from staining)
- animals killed for dz control
- potential zoonotic risk
- anything not undergone PM inspection
- manure (exept from staining)
cat 3
- not for human consumption
- no staining required
- can go directly into pet food
> unfit meat but with NO signs of dz communicable to humans or animals (eg. livers with fluke or milk spots, congenital melanosis, renal cysts)
> hides, skins, hooves, horns providing animals passed AM and PM inspection
How many abattoirs in UK?
- 202 red mea t England
- 23 wales
- 31 Scotland
Likelihood of occourence and corresponding impact on public health of common pathogens. * those likely detected at AM infection
> ^impact on public health and ^probability of occourence - VTEC - Salmonella > ^impact, v probability - BSE * > v impact v probability - trichinella - toxoplasma - Yersinia - contaminants/residues* - septaceamia/tomxaemia* - exotiv viral dz - c. bovis - m. bovis/avium (TB) - localised inflame lesions * > v impact, ^ probability - campyl;obacter - hydatid cyst/liver fluke - bruising, abscesses
When is withholding of the health mark done?
- failure AM PM inspection
- presence SRM (except vertebral column bovines >30months)
- carcase gross pathology or visable contamination
- residues or contaminants suspected
- abbatoir contaminated water supply if risk to public halth
- inadequate inspection facilities
- meat declared by OV unfit
SRM cattle
> all ages
- tonsils
- last 4m small intestine
- ceacum
- mesentry
over 12mon
- skull excluding mandible including brain and eyes
- spinal cord
over 30mo
- vertebral column including dorsal root ganglia
- excluding vertebrae of tail, spinous and transverse processes of cervical, thoracic and lumber vertebrae
- median sacral crest and wings of sacrum
SRM sheep and goats
> all ages
- spleen and ilieum
- 60cm terminal small intestine to ensure all ileum removed
over 12mo/permenant incisor erupted
- skull inc brian and eyes, tonsils and spinal cord
- not horns
Disposal of each category of byproduct?
1: incineration registered plant
2: incineration, or after heat tx, compost, fertiliser, biogas
3: incineration, pet food, technical use, biogas, compost
What is inspected to ID glanders? Decision based on +?
- solipeds
- examine mms (trachea, larynx, nasal cavitieis, sinuses)
- if + whole carcasse and offal unfit for human consumption
Taenia saginata inspection decisisons
> localised
- remove infected bits, remaining carcasse fit for human consumption AFTER COLD Tx ONLY
- viable and non-viable cysts
generalised
- non-viable cysts localaised lesions rejected and remaining carcasse fit for human consumption AFTER COLD TX ONLY
- viable cysts - organs and carcass unfit for human consumption
Conditions with specific guidelines for inspection
- TSE
- cystercercosis
- glanders
- TB
- Brucellosis
- Trichinosis
