surgical emergencies Flashcards
what is the main cause of death in the age group of 1-38 years ?
traumatic death
what is the main cause of preventable deaths following multiple injuries ?
failure to manage abdominal injuries
what evaluation needs to be done in retroperitoneal abdomen trauma ?
serum amylase
radiography and angiography
what injury can result from seat belts ?
avulsion injuries of the mesentery of the small bowel
what is the most appropriate management for gunshot penetrating injuries ?
mandatory exploration
what abdominal organ could be affected with fractured ribs ?
liver or spleen injury
what abdominal organ could be affected in transverse process ?
ureteric injury
on imaging if there is loss of the psoas shadow ?
retroperitoneal haemorrhage
if retroperitoneal stippling is seen on imaging what does this indicate ?
duodenal injuries
to show diaphragmatic rupture or free air intraperitoneal what type of imaging should be done ?
sitting chest x ray
for the diagnosis of retroperitoneal organ affection which imaging modality should be used ?
CT
in what cases should CT be avoided for diagnostic purposes ?
bowel injuries and diaphragmatic injuries
what are the indications for arteriography ?
for the diagnosis of renal artery thrombosis
or in cases of liver hematomas iff there is a drop in hematocrit or increased volume of the hematoma
what is the number one priority in dealing with trauma patients ?
support the cervical spine
what are the indications for laparotomy in penetrating injuries ?
hemodynamically unstable
evisceration
all gunshot wounds
stable penetrating anterior wounds with physical findings
back stabs with signs of peritonitis
flank stabs with signs of peritonitis
what are the indications for laparotomy in blunt abdominal trauma ?
hemodynamically unstable with injuries confined to the abdomen
hemodynamically stable if there are signs of peritonitis
what are the signs and symptoms of peritonitis ?
abdominal rigidity
rebound tenderness/ abdominal guarding
fever, vomiting
tachycardia
hypotension
what are the 2 main causes of peritonitis ?
infection
or perforation of a hollow viscous
