general approach to trauma Flashcards
what is primary survey ?
ABCDE
what are the signs and symptoms of airway compromise ?
change in voice or a sore throat
noisy breathing
dyspnea and agitation
tachypnea
abnormal breathing pattern
low oxygen saturation
what detail is important when dealing with airway ?
provide cervical support
protect not detect
no head tilt in opening airway
what are the signs and symptoms of cervical spine affection ?
leads to thee affection of the sympathetic leading to vasodilatation
which causes peripheral pooling of blood and hypotension along with bradycardia
what are the life threatening conditions that you need to look for ?
ATOM CT
airway obstruction
tracheobronchial injury
open pneumothorax
massive hemothorax
cardiac tamponade
tension pneumothorax
what is the presentation of tension pneumothorax ?
1- haemodynamic instability
2- deviation of the trachea away from the side of the affection
3- hyperresonance on percussion of the affected side
4- decreased chest expansion on the affected side
5- surgical emphysema
what is the management of tension pneumothorax ?
1- immediate needle decompression using a large bore needle , inserted in the 5th intercostal space midaxillary line
2- then insert a chest drain to avoid recurrence
what is the management for open pneumothorax ?
3 sided cover over defect
chest tube
definitive operation
in hemorrhagic shock, what class is associated with hypotension ?
class 3
what is the nature of the heart rate in shocked patients ?
initially tachycardic then bradycardic
what is the respiratory rate in class 3 haemorrhages?
30-40
what is blood on the floor and 4 more ?
external haemorrhage and internal haemorrhage in the :
chest abdomen
pelvis
long bones
in primary survey what is the purpose of the “disability” part ?
prevent secondary brain injury
what is the purpose of the “exposure” part of primary survey ?
prevent hypothermia
what is the lethal triad of trauma ?
acidosis
hypothermia
coagulopathy
