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LA Sx Exam 1 > Surgical Conditions of the Equine Foot > Flashcards

Surgical Conditions of the Equine Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Runs from the distal 1/3 of the cannon bone to mid-P2

A

DDFT

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2
Q

How much of P2 is contained within the hoof (distal to the coronary band)?

A

1/3

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3
Q

The T ligament is the junction between what structures?

A

Coffin joint synovial capsule, navicular bursa, DDFT

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4
Q

What keratolytic bacteria is responsible for thrush?

A

F. necrophoum

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5
Q

What causes thrush?

A

Manure/urine accumulation in sole dissolves frog sulci

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6
Q

What does thrush predispose to?

A

FB penetration, lameness

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7
Q

What predisposes to thrush?

A

Poor env hygeine, contracted heels, individual predisposition

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8
Q

What leads to contracted/sheared heels?

A

Poor hoof care/trimming and lack of exercise

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9
Q

What hardening products can you use to treat thrush?

A

Copper, idodine

10% benzoyl peroxide + acetate + metronidazole

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10
Q

How much bacteria is present in a thrush wound?

A

10^11

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11
Q

Colonization of poor quality horn by bacteria and fungi

A

White line disease

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12
Q

Bacteria and fungi only affect keratinized tissue

A

White line disease

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13
Q

What factors predispose to white line disease?

A

Nutritional deficiency, damage to hoof wall, excessive dry or wet environment

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14
Q

What is the “hollow” hoof of white line disease caused by?

A

Loss of bond between hoof wall and sole

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15
Q

How is white line disease usually diagnosed?

A

Incidental finding @ trimming

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16
Q

What are radiographic differences between laminitis and white line disease?

A

WLD = more radiolucent, closer to hoof wall, extends all the way to the ground

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17
Q

How can you re-establish stability of a white line diseased hoof?

A

Artificial hoof or rest

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18
Q

Why must the keratinized tissues of the hoof be intact to place an artificial hoof?

A

Exothermic reaction will kill sensitive lamina if exposed

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19
Q

Are horizontal or vertical hoof wall cracks more problematic?

A

Vertical

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20
Q

What direction do horizontal hoof wall racks run?

A

Parallel to coronary band

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21
Q

What causes horizontal hoof wall cracks?

A

Trauma or severe abscess

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22
Q

Do horizontal hoof wall cracks require treatment?

A

Not usually

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23
Q

Damage to coronary papillae causes what?

A

Disrupted horn produciton

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24
Q

What are the main contributors to vertical hoof wall cracks?

A

Abnormal hoof angles, poor shoeing, long shoeing intervals

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25
Q

How are vertical hoof wall cracks named?

A

Based on location (toe, quarter, heel, bar)

26
Q

What are the two types of vertical hoof wall cracks and which will present with lameness?

A

Superficial vs full thickness (lameness)

27
Q

Why might instability of a full thickness vertical hoof wall crack cause pain?

A

Pinching of sensitive lamina

28
Q

How do you manage full thickness vertical cracks?

A

Correct underlying predisposing factor

29
Q

What treatment can you do to decrease pressure on the coronary band?

A

Bar shoe + sole pad

30
Q

Soft tissue mass between the hoof wall and P3

A

Keratoma

31
Q

Where do keratomas originate?

A

Coronary band

32
Q

What causes a keratoma?

A

Local inflammation and trauma create scar tissue that develops and grows distally

33
Q

90% of keratomas are assoc. w/_______

A

Abscessation

34
Q

Is a keratoma neoplastic?

A

No

35
Q

What radiographic change can you see with a keratoma?

A

Lysis of P3 @ toe

36
Q

How will the coronary band appearance be affected by a keratoma?

A

Bulging coronary band

37
Q

Semi-circular radiolucent defect of P3

A

Keratoma

38
Q

How do you treat a keratoma?

A

Complete surgical removal

39
Q

What is the success rate of a keratoma removal?

A

80%

40
Q

What part of the hoof should you leave intact when removing a keratoma to keep limb stability?

A

Most distal 1cm of hoof wall

41
Q

How long does it take the horn to cover a surgical defect in the wall or sole?

A

Several months

42
Q

Why must a keratoma patient be rested for a month prior to being rehabbed?

A

Allow keratinized tissue to regrow

43
Q

Infection in the sensitive lamina

A

Hoof abscess

44
Q

How lame will a horse with a hoof abscess be?

A

4/5 or 5/5

45
Q

What causes a hoof abscess?

A

FB or sole bruise (more common)

46
Q

Why is lameness so severe with hoof abscesses?

A

Swelling of the hoof capsule (cannot expand) = increased pressure

47
Q

How do you treat a hoof abscess?

A

Pair sole @ white line and drain

48
Q

What do you soak/flush a hoof abscess with?

A

Hyperosmotic solution

49
Q

Why will topical tx or abx have decreased efficacy against a hoof abscess?

A

pH of abscess is very low/acidic

50
Q

Will you need abx for hoof abscesses?

A

Not usually

51
Q

Often assoc. w/pedal osteitis and bone sequestrum of P3

A

Chronic abscess

52
Q

Why are puncture wounds so severe?

A

Deep seeding of infection

53
Q

What kind of environment results from a puncture wound and why?

A

Horn contracts and seals quickly to create an anaerobic env.

54
Q

Where do you do a synoviocentesis for cytology sample of a puncture wound?

A

Navicular bursa

55
Q

How do you distend the centesis site and why?

A

LRS to assess for leakage from inside out

56
Q

Sole bruise

A

Aseptic pododermatitis

57
Q

Reddening of the sole

A

Aseptic pododermatitis

58
Q

Sometimes shows thin soles on rads

A

Aseptic podermatitis

59
Q

Is there drainage assoc. w/aseptic pododermatitis?

A

No

60
Q

How do you treat aseptic pododermatitis?

A

Soft rides, sole padding, NSAIDs

LA Sx Exam 1 (17 decks)

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